3.1.3 Lipids
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1
Describe the structure of a triglyceride
A triglyceride is a glycerol joined to 3 fatty acids by a condensation reaction, making three ester bonds
2
Describe the structure of a phospholipid
A phoshpholipid is a glycerol joined to two fatty acids and an inorganic phosphate group by condensation reactions forming three ester bonds
3
Describe an unsaturated fatty acid
A hydrocarbon chain that has or more double bonds between the carbon atoms
4
Give the properties of a triglyceride
It is a large non-polar molecule that is insoluble in water. It does not affect the water potential of a cell
5
Give the properties of a phoshpholipid
It is a large molecule that has a hydrophobic tail and a hydrophilic head which makes it polar. Due to the hydrophilic phosphate group it forms a bilayer in water.
6
Explain why the Hydrolysis of fatty acids lowers the pH of a solution
Fatty acids, which are acidic, are released into the solution
7
Give the biochemical test of lipids
Add ethanol to the test solution and shake. Then add water to the solution and shake again. If a lipid is present a white emulsion is formed.
8
How are fatty acids important in the formation of new cells?
Fatty acids used to make phospholipids. Phospholipids form cell membranes 》 more phospholipids means more cell membranes. Fatty acids are respired for energy. Energy used for cell production/named cell components
9
Draw and label a generic triglyceride and a phospholipid