1 Excretion
Removal of metabolic waste, excess of salts and excess of water from the body.
2 Accessory excretory organs
Kidneys are the chief excretory organs. skins, lungs, liver, and large intestine act as accessory organs.
3 Nephron
The structural and functional unit of kidney
4 Micturition
passing out of urine is called Micturition
5 Haematuria
disease in which urine contains blood
6 Dialysis
Removal of unwanted substances from the body through artificial kidney is called dialysis
7 Osmoregulation
To maintain the water contents constant in the body
8 Metabolic waste is also called?
nitrogenous waste
9 The organs that help the body to get rid of metabolic waste are called?
Excretory organs.
10 Excretion involves removal of urea and sweat in?
humans
11 Which organ helps in the breakdown of excess of protein in the body?
Liver
12 excretory products of kidney
Water urea, uric acid. Excess of salts as urine (nitrogenous waste)
13 Excretory products of sweat glands
Excess of water, salts like sodium chloride, lactic acid and urea in form of sweat.
14 excretory products of lungs
carbon dioxide and water vapour inhaled in air (gases waste).
15 Excretory products of liver
Bile Pigments(BILIRUBIN, BILIVERDIN), Toxins, urea(Produced in the Liver)
16 Renal artery
Branch of the main artery (AORTA) Which supplies oxygenated blood to the kidney.
17 Renal Vein
It collects deoxygenated blood from the kidney and carries it to the main vein (VENA CAVA)
18 kidneys convert urea into what?
Urine
19 Urine leaves through the kidneys through tubes, which are called?
ureters
20 Uterus, empty into a sac like substance called?
Urinary bladder
21 Define urination.
The passage of urine to the outside is called urination.
22 Size of the kidney?
About 7 to 10 cm long and 2.5 to 4 cm across
23 Two main regions of the kidney?
Outer cortex and inner medulla
24 urine flows into a cavity called?
Renal pelvis and from their into the ureter
25 Nephrons are also called ?
Uriniferous tubules
26 excretory system consists of which parts?
A pair of kidneys
A pair of ureters
A urinary bladder
Urethra
27 What is the structure of the kidney?
Kidneys are brown beans shaped structures
28 what is the location of the kidney?
They are present just below the stomach, one on either side of the vertebral column.
29 What is the structure of ureters?
The uterus are a pair of long tubes Which extend from the kidneys?
30 What is the location of ureters?
they extend from the kidney to the posterior surface of the urinary bladder
31 What is the function of uterus?
They carry Urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
32 What is the structure of urinary bladder?
The urinary bladder is a bag like muscular organ
33 What is the location of urinary bladder?
It is located in the pelvic region
34 what is the function of urinary Bladder?
The urinary bladder serves a reserve for urine before at least the body. It can store up to .5 to 1 L of urine. It also expels urine from the body.
35What is the structure of urethra?
It is a small tube leading from the floor of the bladder to the exterior
36What is the function of the urethra?
It severs as a passageway for urine .
37 What is the purpose of urine Formation?
The purpose of urine formation is filtering of blood to eliminate all the excretory substances
38What is the dunction of nephrons?
They filter the blood to eliminate the waste products
39What are the 3 stages of urine formation ?1).l
1).Filteration
2).Reabsorption
3).Secretion
40What is the composition of urine?
Water-96%
Waste products-2%
Urea-2%
41How many nephrons are present in a single kidney?
More than 1million nephrons
42How and where is AMONIA formed ?
It is formed by the break down of amino acids in the liver cells
43How is urea formed?
Urea is formed in the liver cells when ammonia combines with carbon dioxide. It is transported by blood tho the kidneys for its removal
44How much salts and minirals is absorbed from the filterate during reabsorption?
70% usually
45What are the major ossmoregulatory regions of the nephron include?
1).Glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule
2).Proximal convoluted tubule(PCT)
3).Loop of henle
4).Distal convoluted tubule(DCT)
46Which hormone regulates the blood volume ?
ADH (Anti Diuretic Hormone)
47What are the common disorders of the urinary system ?
1).Haematuria
2).Uraemia
3).Glycosuria
4).akidney stone
48What is Haematuria?
In this disease blood is passed out along with the urine
49What is Uraemia?
In this disease exicessive urea is retained in the blood because of the faliure of the nephron to extract urea from the blood .
50What is Glycosuria?
In this disease the blood sugar level is very high and the excessive amount of glucose from the blood os removed along with the urine .
51Give the equation of formation of one molecule urea .
2 molecules of Ammonia+1 molecule Carbon Dioxide =(Urea cycle and carrier molecules + Enzymes)= 1molecule of urea