1Otosclerosis
a genetic locking of the small bones in the middle ear, can be made worse by infections. Can be treated surgically.
2Perceptual-motor coupling
Declining perceptual-motor skills can make driving a car difficult and contributes to decreasing mobility.
3Two types of interventions have been found to improve older adults' driving
- Cognitive training
- Education
4Chronic diseases and conditions with slow onset and long duration
•Heart conditions.
•Diabetes.
•Asthma.
•Arthritis.
5Osteoporosis
is an extensive loss of bone tissue that causes many older adults to walk with a stoop
6High blood pressure, more common in men than in women, has been linked to
•Illness.
•Obesity.
•Anxiety.
•Stiffening of the blood vessels.
•Lack of exercise.
7Risk for many diseases associated with aging including cardiovascular, kidney disease and diabetes
High stomach obesity, high triglycerides', abnormally high HDL & low LDD, high glucose.
8Inflammation
a natural and highly regulated response that provides protection and promotes healing when infection or injury occurs
9Chronic inflammation is thought to be a risk factor for a broad range of age-related diseases such as
•Atherosclerosis
•Hypertension
•cardiovascular disease,
•osteoarthritis,
•osteoporosis,
•Alzheimer's disease,
•insulin resistance and diabetes,
•muscle wasting, and
•frailty.
10Evolutionary theory of aging
natural selection has not eliminated many harmful conditions and nonadaptive characteristics in older adults.
11Criticisms of evolutionary theory
•Evolution occurs on a time scale that does not lend itself to empirical study.
It fails to account for cultural influences
12Cellular clock theory
Leonard Hayflick's theory that the maximum number of times that human cells can divide is about 75 to 80
13Telomeres
D N A sequences that cap chromosomes, become shorter each time a cell divides
14Free-radical theory
people age because normal metabolic processes within cells produce unstable oxygen molecules that ricochet inside cells, damaging D N A and cellular structures
15Mitochondrial theory
aging is caused by mitochondrial decay
16Information Processing over the Life course
Slowing in information processing is linked to the dings and dents in brain from living.
17Central Nervous System
Controls all Behavior
18TWO Aging Theories
Neuronal Fallout
Plasticity model
19Neuronal Fallout (Proposed effects of aging)
Losses occur in numbers of neurons and synapses: loss of brain tissue
20Neuronal Fallout (Relevant Research)
Decreases in prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, increases in white matter hypersensitivities. White matter decrease
21Plasticity (Proposed effects of aging)
Continued growth through dendritic elaboration
22Plasticity (Relevant Research)
Diet and exercise preserve brain function and cognition
23Neurocognitive Disorders
Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) Dementia Alzheimer's Disease Frontal Temporal Dementia
24Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)
you are aware your memory or mental function has "slipped." May increase your risk of later progressing to dementia. Between normal aging and dementia.
25Dementia
A global term for several neurlogical disorders involving irreversible decline in mental function severe enough to interfere with daily living
26What is the most frequent dementia?
Vascular Dementia