1Define Sterilization
removal of all microbial life
2Define Disinfection
removal of pathogens
3How do microwaves kill?
inactivate microbes by heat, not especially antimicrobial, not a means of radiation)
4Define Antisepsis
absence of infection or infectious agents
5Define Asepsis
Absence of infection or infectious agents
6Define sepsis
infection resulting in systemic inflammation
7Define Degerming
removal or reduction in microbes from an area
8Define Sanitization
lower microbial counts on eating utensils
9Define Biocide/Germicide
kills organisms
10Define Bacteriostasis
inhibiting, not killing, bacteria
11What are three modes of regulating microbial growth?
physical, chemical, biological
12What four factors determine the effectiveness of antimicrobial tx?
*number of microbes
*environment (organic matter, temp, biofilms)
*time of exposure
*microbial characteristics
13What do microbial control agents do?
*alter bacterial membrane permeability
*damages proteins
*damage to nucleic acids
14What are the physical methods of microbial control?
*heat
*filtration
*cold
*desiccation
*osmotic pressure
*radiation
15What are the three main heat control methods?
*moist heat
>pasteurization
*dry heat (direct flamming, incineration, hot-air-sterilization)
16What forms of radiation used for microbial growth control?
*ionizing radiation
*non-ionizing radiation
17What is Thermal Death point (TDP)?
lowest temp needed to kill al cells in a culture in 10 min
18What is Thermal Death time (TDT)?
time to kill all cells in a culture at a given temp
19What is Decimal Reduction Time (DRT)?
*time to kill 90% of a population under specific conditions
20What is TDP?
thermal death point
22DRT?
Decimal reduction time
23In what mathmatical way do bacterial pop die?
at a constant logarithmic rate
24How does moist heat impact microbes? give an ex
*denatures proteins
*pasteurization
25What is Pasteurization?
moist heat process that reduces spoilage organisms and pathogens
26What does thermoduric indicate?
organisms that survives pasteurization
27What are three ways to complete pasteurization?
*63 C for 30 min
*high temp (short time, 72 C) for 15 sec
*ultra high temp (140 C) for < 1 sec
28How does dry heat sterilization impact microbes?
*kills by oxidation, or denaturation
29Three types of dry heat sterilization:
*flaming
*incineration
*hot-air sterilization
30How does filtration remove microbes?
pore size removes ( )
31Three forms of low temp inhibiting microbial growth:
*refrigeration
*deep freezing
*lypholization
32Impact of high pressure on microbes?
denatures proteins
33Impact of dessication on microbes?
*prevents metabolism
*doesn't necessarily kill organism
34High osmotic pressure on microbes?
*plasmolysis
35What type of light is bactericidal?
UV light
36How does radiation impact microbes?
*damages DNA
37Types of Ionizing radiation?
*X-rays, gamma rays, electron beams
*destroys DNA, damages cytoplasmic membranes, produces reactive molecules that damage other cellular components
(used to sterilize items, even after packaging)
38Type of Non-ionizing radiation?
UV (causes thymine and cytosine dimers in DNA)
39What four principles contribute to the effectiveness of disinfection?
*concentration of disinfectant
*organic matter (prescene or absence)
*pH
*time (exposure)
40What are other important considerations when using chemicals to destroy microbes?
*toxicity
*material compatibility (corrosiveness)
*residue
*odor
*storage and stability
*environmental risk
*surface tension