Unit 4 Biology

A form of acquired immunity in which the body produces its own antibodies against a pathogen; long-term protection.

stem cells that are found in adults that can differentiate to form a limited number of body cells

(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) a disease caused by HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) which attacks and kills T cells in the immune system

a drug used to fight and kill bacterial infections; Ex. penicillin

a Y-shaped protein that attaches to foreign molecules and signals their destruction by white blood cells.

new class of drugs used to treat viral infections; Ex. tamiflu

A reproductive process that involves only one parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parent.

a type of white blood cell that makes antibodies

life cycle of a cell that consists of interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis last step of the cell cycle in which the cytoplasm divides into two cells

A disease spread by bacteria in contaminated water that causes an infection in the intestine and results in severe vomiting and diarrhea; can be fatal

formed when DNA coils tightly around proteins

three letters (nitrogen bases) in the mRNA

A always pairs with T and G with C in DNA; in RNA, A always pairs with U and G with C

A always pairs with T and G with C in DNA; in RNA, A always pairs with U and G with C

sugar found in DNA

DNA replication is the process by which the genome’s DNA is copied in cells. Before a cell divides, it must first copy (or replicate) its entire genome so that each resulting daughter cell ends up with its own complete genome.

process that occurs during embryonic development in which stem cells take on different structures and functions and become the many different types of cells in the human body; also called specialization

term used to describe the structure of DNA

a fungal disease of elm trees that is spread by beetles and has destroyed a large number of American elms in NC

cell of the early embryo which are undifferentiated and can develop into any type of body cell; highly valuable to researchers

weak chemical bond between the nitrogen bases of DNA that can be easily broken during unzipping

the flu virus, which caused a deadly epidemic in 1918 and kills thousands of Americans each year

longest phase of the cell cycle consisting of G1, S, and G2 in which the cell is growing and copying its DNA

disease caused by the protist Plasmodium and spread by mosquitoes in tropical regions; kills over 1 million people every year

a form of cell division that forms two identical diploid body cells

acts as a messenger by carrying the message of the DNA out into the cytoplasm for translation; made during transcription; contains codons

a mistake or change in the normal sequence of DNA; can be random/spontaneous OR caused by radiation, tobacco smoke, and chemical exposure

A, T, G, and C in DNA; A, U, G, and C in RNA

short-term protection that occurs when a person gets antibodies from another source; the person does not make them

a group of protists that has caused large algal blooms and fish kills off the coast of NC
Protein Synthesis process of making proteins that includes transcription and translation

sugar found in RNA

cells that develop in the thymus and destroy infected cells; there are two types: T helper and T killer

process that occurs in the nucleus in which DNA is changed into RNA

process that occurs in the cytoplasm in which a ribosome reads the mRNA and converts it into a sequence of amino acids

transfers amino acids to the ribosome during translation; contains the anticodons
Tuberculosis a bacterial infection of the lungs

a weakened preparation of a virusacteria that is injected into the body to protect a person against a disease

a nonliving particle that causes disease; contains a nucleic acid surrounded by a protein