1Pain
An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage
2Nocireceptors
Specifically designed receptors to detect stimuli that may cause harm to the body, which may be mechanical, chemical, or thermal
3Gate theory of pain
a mechanism, in the spinal cord, in which pain signals can be sent up to the brain to be processed to accentuate the possible perceived pain, or attenuate it at the spinal cord itself.
4Acute pain
A sudden onset of pain, lasting less than 6-weeks (usually)
5Chronic pain
Persistent, and difficult to treat pain. Lasting longer than one month after an acute injury, or that accompanies a non-healing tissue injury.
6Nociceptive pain
Pain resulting from activation of primary afferent receptors by mechanical, thermal, or chemical stimuli
7Neuropathic pain
Pain resulting from damage to peripheral nerves or central nervous system tissue or from altered processing of pain in the central nervous system
8Somatic pain
Pain that originates from the skeletal muscles, ligaments, joints, or tendons.
9Visceral pain
Pain that originates from the smooth muscles and organs.
10Superficial pain
Pain that originates from the skin or mucous membranes.
11Deep pain
Pain that occurs below skin level
12Vascular pain
Pain from the vascular or perivascular tissue.
13Phantom pain
Pain that occurs in the area of a body part that has been removed.
14Central pain
Pain that occurs from disease process, inflammation, or trauma.
15Pain threshold
The level of stimulus required to perceive pain.
16Pain tolerance
The amount of pain that can be endured without interfering with ADLs.
17Nursing pain assesment
P= Pattern
A= Area
I= Intensity
N= Nature
18When treating pain start with...
Non-pharmaceuticals first. Ex: massage, acupuncture, controlled breathing, etc.
19Analgesic ladder
A guideline for prescribing pain medication that was created by the World Health Organization (WHO).
AKA: Bigger the pain, the stronger the med
20Nervous system
A complex network of nerve cells that controls and coordinates the body's activities
21Central nervous system (CNS)
A large network of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord
22Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
A large network of the nervous system containing both the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and the somatic nervous system (SNS)
23Spinal cord
The connective pathway between the brain and the peripheral nerves for motor and sensory function
24Somatic nervous system (SNS)
A network system of nerves within the PNS that voluntarily controls skeletal muscles
25Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
A network system of nerves within the PNS that regulates glands, blood vessels, and internal organs
26Sympathetic nervous system(SyNS)
A subnetwork system of nerves within the ANS that mobilizes the body for action, and energy output
27Parasympathetic nervous system (PaNS)
A subnetwork system of nerves within the ANS that conserves energy and maintains a quite state
28Cerebral cortex
The section of the brains relating to consciousness, thought, motor, and sensory control
29Brain stem
The section of the brain relating to autonomic control, and life functions like breathing and the heart
30Acetylcholine
Primary neurotransmitter in the parasympathetic nervous system. Causes muscle contractions
31Electrical conduction
A conductions pathway utilized by nerves that are neurotransmitter dependent
32Electrolytes of the Electrical conduction
Ca= Calcium
Na= soddium
K= potassium
33Chemical conduction
A conduction pathway utilized by nerves that are electrolyte dependent
34Neuron
The fundamental cell of the nervous system
35Adrenergic
The classification of drugs that impact the sympathetic nervous system
36Adrenergic agonist
a drug that mimics the effects of the sympathetic neurotransmitters
37Cholinergic
The classification of drugs that impact the parasympathetic nervous system
38Beta 1 receptors
heart
Memory trick: You only have ONE heart
39Beta 2 receptors
lungs
Memory trick: you have TWO lungs
40Cholinesterase inhibitor
A type a drug that inhibits the function of acetylcholinesterase thus leading to higher availability of acetylcholine (Ach)
41Primary receptors of the parasympathetic system
Nicotinic and Muscarinic receptors
42Monoamine oxidase (MAO)
An enzyme that functions to break down catecholamines within the nerve endings
43Catechol ortho methyltransferase (COMT)
An enzyme that functions to break down catecholamines outside the nerve endings
44Acetylcholinesterase
enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine
45Higher availability of Acetylcoline...
will lead to more muscle contractions
46Anything that takes away (inhibits) Cholinesterase leads to...
more Acetylcholine