Overview: Pain, Key terms, CNS & ANS VOCAB REVISED

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1
Pain
An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage
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Nocireceptors
Specifically designed receptors to detect stimuli that may cause harm to the body, which may be mechanical, chemical, or thermal
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Gate theory of pain
a mechanism, in the spinal cord, in which pain signals can be sent up to the brain to be processed to accentuate the possible perceived pain, or attenuate it at the spinal cord itself.
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Acute pain
A sudden onset of pain, lasting less than 6-weeks (usually)
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Chronic pain
Persistent, and difficult to treat pain. Lasting longer than one month after an acute injury, or that accompanies a non-healing tissue injury.
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Nociceptive pain
Pain resulting from activation of primary afferent receptors by mechanical, thermal, or chemical stimuli
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Neuropathic pain
Pain resulting from damage to peripheral nerves or central nervous system tissue or from altered processing of pain in the central nervous system
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Somatic pain
Pain that originates from the skeletal muscles, ligaments, joints, or tendons.
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Visceral pain
Pain that originates from the smooth muscles and organs.
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Superficial pain
Pain that originates from the skin or mucous membranes.
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Deep pain
Pain that occurs below skin level
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Vascular pain
Pain from the vascular or perivascular tissue.
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Phantom pain
Pain that occurs in the area of a body part that has been removed.
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Central pain
Pain that occurs from disease process, inflammation, or trauma.
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Pain threshold
The level of stimulus required to perceive pain.
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Pain tolerance
The amount of pain that can be endured without interfering with ADLs.
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Nursing pain assesment
P= Pattern
A= Area
I= Intensity
N= Nature
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When treating pain start with...
Non-pharmaceuticals first. Ex: massage, acupuncture, controlled breathing, etc.
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Analgesic ladder
A guideline for prescribing pain medication that was created by the World Health Organization (WHO).

AKA: Bigger the pain, the stronger the med
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Nervous system
A complex network of nerve cells that controls and coordinates the body's activities
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Central nervous system (CNS)
A large network of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord
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Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
A large network of the nervous system containing both the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and the somatic nervous system (SNS)
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Spinal cord
The connective pathway between the brain and the peripheral nerves for motor and sensory function
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Somatic nervous system (SNS)
A network system of nerves within the PNS that voluntarily controls skeletal muscles
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Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
A network system of nerves within the PNS that regulates glands, blood vessels, and internal organs
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Sympathetic nervous system(SyNS)
A subnetwork system of nerves within the ANS that mobilizes the body for action, and energy output
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Parasympathetic nervous system (PaNS)
A subnetwork system of nerves within the ANS that conserves energy and maintains a quite state
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Cerebral cortex
The section of the brains relating to consciousness, thought, motor, and sensory control
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Brain stem
The section of the brain relating to autonomic control, and life functions like breathing and the heart
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Acetylcholine
Primary neurotransmitter in the parasympathetic nervous system. Causes muscle contractions
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Electrical conduction
A conductions pathway utilized by nerves that are neurotransmitter dependent
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Electrolytes of the Electrical conduction
Ca= Calcium
Na= soddium
K= potassium
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Chemical conduction
A conduction pathway utilized by nerves that are electrolyte dependent
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Neuron
The fundamental cell of the nervous system
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Adrenergic
The classification of drugs that impact the sympathetic nervous system
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Adrenergic agonist
a drug that mimics the effects of the sympathetic neurotransmitters
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Cholinergic
The classification of drugs that impact the parasympathetic nervous system
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Beta 1 receptors
heart

Memory trick: You only have ONE heart
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Beta 2 receptors
lungs

Memory trick: you have TWO lungs
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Cholinesterase inhibitor
A type a drug that inhibits the function of acetylcholinesterase thus leading to higher availability of acetylcholine (Ach)
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Primary receptors of the parasympathetic system
Nicotinic and Muscarinic receptors
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Monoamine oxidase (MAO)
An enzyme that functions to break down catecholamines within the nerve endings
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Catechol ortho methyltransferase (COMT)
An enzyme that functions to break down catecholamines outside the nerve endings
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Acetylcholinesterase
enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine
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Higher availability of Acetylcoline...
will lead to more muscle contractions
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Anything that takes away (inhibits) Cholinesterase leads to...
more Acetylcholine
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