1What do analgesics do?
They control pain, reduce fever, and some decrease inflammation.
2Why should some analgesics be avoided in kidney disease?
They reduce blood flow to the kidneys.
3Which analgesic is a mild pain reliever?
Paracetamol (Acetaminophen).
4Which NSAID is used for pain relief?
Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin).
5Which opioid analgesic is used in trauma imaging?
Morphine.
6Which potent opioid is used for pain relief in interventional radiology?
Fentanyl.
7What are local anesthetics also called?
Numbing agents.
8How do local anesthetics work?
They block nerve impulses that relay pain signals.
9Which local anesthetic is most commonly used?
Lidocaine (Xylocaine).
10Which local anesthetic is long-lasting and used for nerve blocks?
Bupivacaine (Marcaine).
11Which local anesthetic is similar to lidocaine but lasts slightly longer?
Mepivacaine (Carbocaine).
12Which local anesthetic is long-lasting with fewer heart-related side effects?
Ropivacaine (Naropin).
13Which local anesthetic is short-acting and less common in radiology?
Procaine (Novocain).
14What do general anesthetics do?
They induce and maintain unconsciousness.
15What type of amnesia do general anesthetics cause?
Anterograde amnesia (patients do not remember events after administration).
16Which general anesthetic is most commonly used for pediatric sedation in MRI/CT?
Sevoflurane.
17Which inhalation anesthetic is used for longer procedures?
Isoflurane.
18Which inhalation anesthetic is fast-acting and used in interventional radiology?
Desflurane.
19What does nitrous oxide (laughing gas) do?
It acts as a mild sedative, sometimes used for anxious patients.
20Which IV anesthetic is most commonly used for sedation in MRI, CT, and interventional procedures?
Propofol (Diprivan).
21Which IV anesthetic is used in critically ill patients for short procedures?
Etomidate.
22Which IV anesthetic provides anesthesia and pain relief, useful in trauma imaging?
Ketamine.
23Which IV anesthetic is less commonly used today in radiology settings?
Thiopental (Pentothal).
24What do paralytics do?
They induce complete muscle relaxation for intubation and surgery.
25Which paralytic is used for rapid sequence intubation in emergency radiology cases?
Succinylcholine.
26Which paralytic is commonly used for intubation and muscle relaxation during MRI/CT under anesthesia?
Rocuronium (Zemuron).
27Which paralytic is preferred for critically ill patients undergoing CT/MRI?
Cisatracurium (Nimbex).
28What do reversal drugs do?
They reverse the muscle relaxation effects of paralytics before discontinuing anesthesia.
29Which drug combination reverses non-depolarizing paralytics?
Neostigmine + Atropine.
30Which reversal drug specifically reverses rocuronium and vecuronium?
Sugammadex (Bridion).
31What do anxiolytics do?
They reduce anxiety and relax the body.
32What happens when anxiolytics are taken in high doses?
They can induce sleep.
33Which anxiolytic is short-acting and used for sedation and anxiety relief in MRI, CT, and interventional procedures?
Midazolam (Versed).
34Which anxiolytic is long-acting and used for anxiety relief in claustrophobic MRI patients?
Diazepam (Valium).
35Which anxiolytic is intermediate-acting and used for pre-procedure sedation and anxiety?
Lorazepam (Ativan).
36What do SSRIs treat?
They are antidepressants used to treat anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
37Which SSRI may impact how a patient tolerates contrast agents?
Sertraline (Zoloft).
38Which SSRI can cause sedation and drowsiness, affecting cooperation during imaging?
Paroxetine (Paxil).
39Which SSRI is often used for OCD?
Fluvoxamine (Luvox).
40Which SSRI is prescribed for depression, anxiety, and OCD, and may affect sedation?
Fluoxetine (Prozac).
41Which SSRI is a more potent form of citalopram?
Escitalopram (Lexapro).
42Which SSRI may interact with medications used in radiology?
Citalopram (Celexa).
43What do SNRIs treat?
They treat depression, anxiety, and some chronic pain conditions.
44Which SNRI might heighten pain sensitivity during imaging?
Duloxetine (Cymbalta).
45Which SNRI is primarily used for depression and anxiety but may increase blood pressure?
Venlafaxine (Effexor).
46What do TCAs do?
They are antidepressants that increase neurotransmitter levels in the brain.
47Which TCA can affect a patient’s ability to cooperate during imaging due to its sedative effects?
Amitriptyline (Elavil).
48Which TCA is a metabolite of amitriptyline and used for depression and chronic pain?
Nortriptyline (Pamelor).
49Which TCA may cause sedation and drowsiness, affecting imaging procedures?
Imipramine (Tofranil).
50What do benzodiazepines do?
They reduce physical symptoms of anxiety and promote relaxation.
51Which benzodiazepine is used for severe anxiety regarding imaging procedures?
Alprazolam (Xanax).
52Which benzodiazepine may be used in radiology settings for patient comfort or sedation?
Clonazepam (Klonopin).
53What do antipsychotic drugs treat?
They treat psychosis-related conditions and symptoms.
54What is psychosis?
A collection of symptoms where the brain doesn’t process information correctly.
55What are the main symptoms of psychosis?
Hallucinations and delusions.
56What are first-generation antipsychotics also called?
Typical antipsychotics.
57Which first-generation antipsychotic is used in emergency settings where sedation is needed for imaging?
Haloperidol (Haldol).
58Which first-generation antipsychotic has sedative properties useful for managing agitated patients?
Chlorpromazine (Thorazine).
59What are second-generation antipsychotics also called?
Atypical antipsychotics.
60Which second-generation antipsychotic is used for schizophrenia and severe anxiety?
Olanzapine (Zyprexa).
61Which second-generation antipsychotic may cause sedation and affect coordination?
Risperidone (Risperdal).
62Which second-generation antipsychotic is often prescribed for bipolar disorder and depression?
Quetiapine (Seroquel).
63Which second-generation antipsychotic is used for treatment-resistant schizophrenia?
Clozapine (Clozaril).
64What do antihistamines do?
They block histamine release to treat allergies and cold symptoms.
65Which sedative antihistamine is most commonly used for mild allergic reactions to contrast media?
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl).
66Which sedative antihistamine is sometimes used for contrast-related allergies?
Chlorpheniramine.
67Which sedative antihistamine is used for anxiety and allergic reactions?
Hydroxyzine (Vistaril, Atarax).
68Which non-sedative antihistamine is used for mild allergic reactions in alert patients?
Loratadine (Claritin).
69Which antiarrhythmic drug class blocks sodium channels?
Class I.
70Which beta blocker is used to control tachyarrhythmias?
Metoprolol.
71What do anticoagulants do?
They prevent blood from clotting too easily.
72Which anticoagulant is a direct thrombin inhibitor?
Dabigatran (Pradaxa).
73Which anticoagulant is a direct factor Xa inhibitor?
Rivaroxaban (Xarelto).