1What is zonation?
A change in communities across space along an environmental gradient
2What is a transect used for?
Recording organisms and environmental conditions along a line or strip across a habitat
3What is ecological succession?
Change in a community’s species composition over time as organisms colonise and modify an area
4What is the main difference between primary and secondary succession?
Primary succession begins on a surface without developed soil; secondary succession begins after a disturbance where soil remains
5What are pioneer species?
The first species to colonise a newly available or disturbed habitat
6Why is secondary succession usually faster than primary succession?
Soil, nutrients and often seeds or surviving organisms are already present
7Name two resources that plants compete for during succession
Any two of light, water, mineral nutrients or space
8Give one disturbance that can lead to secondary succession
For example, a forest fire, flood, forest clearance or abandonment of farmland where soil remains