1What is genetic diversity?
The number of alleles in a species.
2What are alleles?
Different versions of the same gene.
3What increases genetic diversity?
Mutations and gene flow.
4What is gene flow?
Allele transfer between populations.
5Why is genetic diversity important?
It allows natural selection to occur.
6What is a genetic bottleneck?
A large population reduction event.
7How do bottlenecks affect diversity?
They reduce the number of alleles.
8What causes a new population in bottlenecks?
Few individuals survive and reproduce.
9What is an example of a bottleneck?
Northern elephant seals population decline.
10What caused the northern elephant seal bottleneck?
Hunting in the late 1800s.
11What is the founder effect?
A new population from few individuals.
12What is the result of founder effect?
Loss of genetic diversity.
13What happens to allele frequency in founder effect?
Some alleles increase or disappear.
14What can cause the founder effect?
Migration or geographical separation.
15What is an example of the founder effect?
The Amish population of North America.
16Why do Amish people have genetic disorders?
Small founding population, isolated lifestyle.
17What is natural selection?
Survival and reproduction of advantageous traits.
18What increases due to natural selection?
Beneficial allele frequencies.
19How does natural selection work?
Variation, survival, reproduction, allele inheritance.
20What are the three types of adaptations?
Behavioral, physiological, anatomical.
21What is a behavioral adaptation example?
Playing dead to avoid predators.
22What is a physiological adaptation example?
Brown bears' fat metabolism in winter.
23What is an anatomical adaptation example?
Whales' blubber for cold survival.
24What causes organisms to become better adapted?
Natural selection acting on variations.
25What is an evolutionary adaptation?
Gradual change to fit the environment.
26What is an example of natural selection?
Moths changing color due to pollution.
27What is the role of mutations in selection?
Create new alleles for variation.
28What are advantageous alleles?
Alleles increasing survival or reproduction.
29What leads to evolution?
Accumulation of advantageous alleles.