genetic diversity and natural selection
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1
What is genetic diversity?
The number of alleles in a species.
2
What are alleles?
Different versions of the same gene.
3
What increases genetic diversity?
Mutations and gene flow.
4
What is gene flow?
Allele transfer between populations.
5
Why is genetic diversity important?
It allows natural selection to occur.
6
What is a genetic bottleneck?
A large population reduction event.
7
How do bottlenecks affect diversity?
They reduce the number of alleles.
8
What causes a new population in bottlenecks?
Few individuals survive and reproduce.
9
What is an example of a bottleneck?
Northern elephant seals population decline.
10
What caused the northern elephant seal bottleneck?
Hunting in the late 1800s.
11
What is the founder effect?
A new population from few individuals.
12
What is the result of founder effect?
Loss of genetic diversity.
13
What happens to allele frequency in founder effect?
Some alleles increase or disappear.
14
What can cause the founder effect?
Migration or geographical separation.
15
What is an example of the founder effect?
The Amish population of North America.
16
Why do Amish people have genetic disorders?
Small founding population, isolated lifestyle.
17
What is natural selection?
Survival and reproduction of advantageous traits.
18
What increases due to natural selection?
Beneficial allele frequencies.
19
How does natural selection work?
Variation, survival, reproduction, allele inheritance.
20
What are the three types of adaptations?
Behavioral, physiological, anatomical.
21
What is a behavioral adaptation example?
Playing dead to avoid predators.
22
What is a physiological adaptation example?
Brown bears' fat metabolism in winter.
23
What is an anatomical adaptation example?
Whales' blubber for cold survival.
24
What causes organisms to become better adapted?
Natural selection acting on variations.
25
What is an evolutionary adaptation?
Gradual change to fit the environment.
26
What is an example of natural selection?
Moths changing color due to pollution.
27
What is the role of mutations in selection?
Create new alleles for variation.
28
What are advantageous alleles?
Alleles increasing survival or reproduction.
29
What leads to evolution?
Accumulation of advantageous alleles.
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