1What does active transport need?
Energy
2What do carrier proteins assist?
Active transport
3What does active transport move?
Molecules and ions
4How does active transport work?
Against a concentration gradient
5What molecule is split in active transport?
ATP
6What does ATP split into?
ADP and Pi (inorganic phosphate)
7What is released when ATP is split?
Energy
8What ion is shown in the diagram?
Calcium
9What binds to the carrier protein?
Calcium ion
10What happens when ATP is hydrolyzed?
Protein changes shape
11Where does calcium move to?
Outside the cell
12How is active transport different from diffusion?
Uses energy, moves low to high
13What are co-transporters?
Carrier proteins
14What do co-transporters bind?
Two molecules at a time
15How do co-transporters work?
One molecule moves down its gradient, the other against
16What two molecules are co-transported in the diagram?
Sodium and glucose
17Where does sodium move in co-transport?
Into the cell
18Where does glucose move in co-transport?
Into the cell
19What powers glucose absorption in the ileum?
Sodium ion gradient
20What decreases active transport rate?
Low concentration gradient
21What increases active transport rate?
More carrier proteins
22What happens if respiration stops?
Active transport stops
23What powers active transport?
Energy from ATP
24What enters epithelial cells with sodium?
Glucose
25What maintains sodium concentration in the cell?
Sodium-potassium pump
26What type of glucose transport is shown?
Co-transport
27What is the role of co-transport?
Moves glucose into the blood
28What is facilitated diffusion?
Movement down concentration gradient
29What does active transport require?
Energy