Legal English EOM Sem1

to make an official judgment or decision about a problem or disagreement – ein Urteil fällen / entscheiden

adjudicate

based on individual preference or convenience – willkürlich

arbitrary

that must be followed by law – verbindlich

binding

solving new problems using past cases – fallbasiertes Denken

case-based reasoning

a systematic collection of private law – Zivilgesetzbuch

civil code

legal system based on written codes – Zivilrecht

civil law

a systematic collection of laws – Gesetzbuch

code

to organise laws into a system – kodifizieren

codify

law based on court decisions – Gewohnheitsrecht

common law

study of different legal systems – Rechtsvergleichung

comparative law

place or body where cases are decided – Gericht

court

unwritten traditional rule – Gewohnheitsrecht

custom

to make people obey the law – durchsetzen

enforce

making court decisions effective – Vollstreckung von Urteilen

enforcement of judgments

facts or objects used to prove something – Beweise

evidence

making laws more similar – Harmonisierung

harmonisation

making systems the same – Vereinheitlichung

unification

the system of courts and judges – Justiz

judiciary

earlier court decision used as a rule – Präzedenzfall

precedent

law based on religion – religiöse Rechtssysteme

religious legal systems

law used in socialist states – sozialistisches Recht

socialist law

origin of law – Quelle

source

principle of following earlier decisions – Bindung an Präzedenzfälle

stare decisis

written law passed by parliament – Gesetz

statute

rules set by law – gesetzliche Bestimmungen

statutory provisions

law equal in different countries – einheitliches Recht

uniform law

person charged with a crime – Angeklagter

accused

lawsuit for a wrongful act – Zivilklage

action in tort

the guilty act – Tatbestand

actus reus

civil standard of proof – Beweismaß im Zivilrecht

balance of probabilities

criminal standard of proof – Beweismassstab im Strafrecht

beyond a reasonable doubt

duty to prove a claim – Beweislast

burden of proof

illegal entry to steal – Einbruch

burglary

formally accuse someone – anklagen

charge sb with sth

person bringing a civil case – Kläger

claimant

to carry out a crime – eine Straftat begehen

commit a crime

unpaid work as punishment – Sozialarbeit

community service

physical punishment – Körperstrafe

corporal punishment

act punishable by law – Straftat

crime

person accused or sued – Angeklagter / Beklagter

defendant

carrying out the death penalty – Hinrichtung

execution

serious crime – Schwerverbrechen

felony

being sent to prison – Freiheitsstrafe

imprisonment

illegal use of inside information – Insiderhandel

insider trading

person deciding cases in court – Richter

judge

legal authority or area – Zuständigkeit

jurisdiction

group deciding guilt – Geschworene

jury

criminal intent – Vorsatz

mens rea

minor crime – Vergehen

misdemeanour

crime – Straftat

offence

person committing a crime – Täter

offender

early release from prison – Bewährung

parole

small-scale theft – Bagatelldiebstahl

petty theft

person bringing a civil case – Kläger

plaintiff

civil burden of proof – überwiegende Wahrscheinlichkeit

preponderance of the evidence

to order or set rules – vorschreiben

prescribe

conditional freedom – Bewährung

probation

to forbid – verbieten

proscribe

criminal proceedings – Strafverfolgung

prosecution

state lawyer – Staatsanwalt

prosecutor

crime against society – Ordnungsdelikt

public-order crime

forced sexual intercourse – Vergewaltigung

rape

to officially announce – verkünden

render

to settle a disagreement – einen Streit beilegen

resolve a dispute

documents showing ownership – Wertpapiere

securities

court punishment – Urteil / Strafe

sentence

crime without intent required – Gefährdungsdelikt

strict liability crime

delay punishment conditionally – Strafe zur Bewährung aussetzen

suspend a sentence

civil wrong causing harm – unerlaubte Handlung

tort

decision of the jury – Urteil

verdict

person harmed – Opfer

victim

economic crime – Wirtschaftskriminalität

white-collar crime

person receiving rights – Zessionar

assignee

transfer of rights – Abtretung

assignment

person transferring rights – Zedent

assignor

to officially give – zusprechen

award

failure to fulfil a contract – Vertragsbruch

breach of contract

party breaking the contract – vertragsbrüchige Partei

breaching party

section of a contract – Klausel

clause

value exchanged in a contract – Gegenleistung

consideration

new offer replacing another – Gegenangebot

counter-offer

harm or injury – Schaden

damage

financial compensation – Schadensersatz

damages

main contract conditions – wesentliche Vertragsbestandteile

essential terms

creation of a contract – Vertragsabschluss

contract formation

person harmed – geschädigte Partei

injured party

party suffering the breach – nicht vertragsbrüchige Partei

non-breaching party

legal or moral duty – Verpflichtung

obligation

verbal agreement – mündlicher Vertrag

oral contract

person involved in a contract – Vertragspartei

party

to fulfil a duty – erfüllen

perform

dependence or trust – Vertrauen

reliance

to depend on – sich verlassen auf

rely on

return of gained benefits – Rückerstattung

restitution

legal entitlement – Recht auf

right to do sth

court order to fulfil a contract – Erfüllungsanspruch

specific performance