1What term refers to the degree to which genetic or hereditary influences determine the kind of person you are?
Nature
2What term refers to the degree to which experiential or environmental influences determine the kind of person you are?
Nurture
3What term refers to whether a particular developmental phenomenon represents a smooth progression throughout the life span?
Continuity
4What term refers to whether a particular developmental phenomenon represents a series of abrupt shifts?
Discontinuity
5What term refers to all the genetic and health-related factors that affect development?
Biological Forces
6What term refers to all the internal perceptual, cognitive, emotional, and personality factors that affect development?
Psychological Forces
7What term refers to the interpersonal, societal, cultural, and ethnic factors that affect development?
Sociocultural Forces
8What term refers to the differences in how the same event affects people of different ages?
Life Cycle Forces
9What term refers to the study of the brain and nervous system, especially in terms of brain-behavior relatioships?
Neuroscience
10What term refers to the theories that propose that development is largely determined by how well people resolve conflicts they face at different ages?
Psychodynamic Theory
11What theory, proposed by Erikson, explains that personality development is determined by the interaction of an internal maturational plan and external social demands?
Psychosocial Theory
12What theory emphasizes the role of experience, examining whether a person’s behavior is rewarded or punished?
Learning Theory
13What term refers to an organized set of ideas designed to explain development, yet no comprehensive ones exist for human development?
Theory
14Which perspective can be traced to Sigmund Freud?
Psychodynamic Theory
15Which of Erikson’s Psychosocial stages occurs from birth to 1 years old?
Basic trust vs. Mistrust
16Which of Erikson’s Psychosocial stages occurs from 1 years old to 3 years old?
Autonomy vs. Shame
17Which of Erikson’s Psychosocial stages occurs from 3 to 6 years old?
Initiative vs. Guilt
18Which of Erikson’s Psychosocial stages occurs from 6 years old to adolescence?
Industry vs. Inferiority
19Which of Erikson’s Psychosocial stages occurs during adolescence?
Identity vs. Identity Confusion
20Which of Erikson’s Psychosocial stages occurs during young adulthood?
Intimacy vs. Isolation
21Which of Erikson’s Psychosocial stages occurs during middle adulthood?
Generativity vs. Stagnation
22Which of Erikson’s Psychosocial stages occurs during late life?
Integrity vs. Despair
23What concept within behaviorism explains whether the consequences of a behavior determine whether it will be repeated?
Operant Conditioning
24Which theory explains that people learn by watching others, like imitation?
Social Learning Theory
25Within Social Learning Theory, what term refers to people’s beliefs about their own abilities and talents?
Self-Efficacy
26Which of Piaget’s stages occurs from Birth to 2 years old?
Sensorimotor
27Which of Piaget’s stages occurs from 2 years old to 6 years old?
Preoperational Thought
28Which of Piaget’s stages occurs from 7 years old to early adolescence?
Concrete Operational Thought
29Which of Piaget’s stages occurs from adolescence and beyond?
Formal Operational Thought
30Which theory uses the computer as a model for how thinking develops?
Information Processing Theory
31Which theory emphasizes sociocultural expectations on child development, focusing on how children work with skilled adults to learn what is valued in their culture?
Vygotsky’s Theory
32What perspective states that aging is a lifelong process from conception to death, with many factors influencing development?
Life-Span Perspective
33Name 4 basic theoretical perspectives of development
Psychodynamic, Learning, Cognitive, Life-Span
34What term measures the consistency of what is being studied?
Reliability
35What term measures the accuracy of the variable of interest in a study?
Validity