Intro to Psychology Test 3

Algorithm

Intuition

Insight

Heuristic

Fixation

Confirmation bias

Overconfidence

Creativity

Framing

Belief perseverance

____________ ________________ is one part of the brain that, if damaged, might impair your ability to speak words.

Damage to ___________ _____________ might impair your ability to understand language.

Sternberg's Three Intelligences:

Cattel-Horn-Carroll intelligence theory

Hunger occurs in response to _________ (low/high) blood glucose and __________ (low/high) levels of ghrelin.

7. Social networking tends to ___________ (strengthen/weaken) your relationships with people you already know, and ________________ (increase/decrease) your self-disclosure.

What have researchers found to be an even better predictor of school performance than intelligence test scores?

According to the Cannon-Bard theory, (a) our physiological response to a stimulus (for example, a pounding heart), and (b) the emotion we experience (for example, fear) occur (simultaneously/sequentially)

According to the James-Lange theory, (a) and (b) occur (simultaneously/sequentially).

According to Schachter and Singer, two factors lead to our experience of an emotion: (a) physiological arousal and (b) _________ appraisal.

____________ (Women/Men) report experiencing emotions more deeply, and they tend to be more adept at reading nonverbal behavior.

1. An example of a physiological need is ___________. An example of a psychological drive is ____________.

Danielle walks into a friend’s kitchen, smells cookies baking, and begins to feel very hungry. The smell of baking cookies is a(n) _________ (incentive/drive).

With challenging task, such as taking a difficult exam, performance is likely to peak when arousal is

_____________ theory attempts to explain behaviors that do NOT reduce physiological needs.

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, our most basic needs are physiological, including the need for food and water; just above these are _____ needs.

According to the concept of ______ point, our body maintains itself at a particular weight level.

Which of the following is a genetically predisposed response to food?

Blood sugar provides the body with energy. When it is ________ (low/high), we feel hungry.

The rate at which your body expends energy while at rest is referred to as the ______ ______ rate.

Obese people often struggle to lose weight permanently. This is due to several factors, including that

Which of the following is NOT evidence supporting the view that humans are strongly motivated by a need to belong?

If we want to increase our chance of success in achieving a new goal, such as stopping smoking, we ___________ (should/should not) announce the goal publicly, and we ___________ (should/should not) share with others our progress toward achieving that goal.

The _________ ___________ theory of emotion maintains that our emotional experience occurs after our awareness of a physiological response.

Assume that after returning from an hour-long run, you receive a letter saying your scholarship application has been approved. The two-factor theory of emotion would predict that your physical arousal will

Zajonc and LeDoux have maintained that some emotional reactions occur before we have had the chance to consciously label or interpret them. Lazarus noted the importance of how we appraise events. These psychologists differ in the emphasis they place on __________ in emotional responses.

When people are induced to assume a fearful expression, they often report feeling some fear. This response is known as the _______ _______ effect.

A mental grouping of similar things is called a ________.

The most systematic procedure for solving a problem is a(n) _______.

A major obstacle to problem solving is fixation, which is a(n)

Terrorist attacks made Americans more fearful of being victimized by foreign terrorism than of other, greater threats. Such exaggerated fear after dramatic events illustrates the ___________ heuristic.

When consumers respond more positively to ground beef described as “75 percent lean” than to the same product labeled “25 percent fat,” they have been influenced by __________.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a creative person?

According to Chomsky, humans have a built-in predisposition to learn grammar rules; he called this trait ________________ ___________.

Children reach the one-word stage of speech development at about

When young children speak in short phrases using mostly verbs and nouns, this is referred to as ______ ________.

Most researches agree that apes can

Charles Spearman suggested we have one __________ _________ underlying success across a variety of intellectual abilities.

The existence of savant syndrome seems to support

Sternberg’s three types of intelligence are________, ______, and ________.

Emotionally intelligent people tend to

The IQ score of 6-year-old Shanice, who has a measured mental age of 9, would be

The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is best able to tell us

The Stanford-Binet, the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children yield consistent results, for example on retesting. In other words, these tests have high ___________.

To say that the heritability of intelligence is about 50 percent means that 50 percent of

The strongest support for heredity’s influence on intelligence is the finding that

The environmental influence that has the clearest, most profound effect on intellectual development is

Which of the following is NOT a possible explanation for the fact that people with higher intelligence scores tend to live longer, healthier lives?

When alerted to a negative, uncontrollable event, our ____________ nervous system arouses us. Heart rate and respiration ________ (increase/decrease). Blood is diverted from digestion to the skeletal _________. The body releases sugar and fat. All this prepares the body for the _______-______-______ response

The field of _________ studies mind-body interactions, including the effects of psychological, neural, and endocrine functioning on the immune system and overall health.

Which component of the Type A personality has been linked most closely to coronary heart disease?

To cope with stress when we feel in control of our world, we tend to use _________ (emotion/problem)-focused strategies. To cope with stress when we believe we cannot change a situation, we tend to use ___________ (emotion/problem)-focused strategies.

Which of the following emotion regulation strategies tends to lead toward fewer positive emotions and more negative emotions?

Which of the following factors does not predict self-reported happiness?

The number of short-term illnesses and stress-related psychological disorders was higher than usual in the months following an earthquake. Such findings suggest that

Which of the following is NOT one of the three main types of stressors?

3. Seyle's general adaptation syndrome (GAS) consists of an alarm reaction followed by _______, then _______.

When faced with stress, women are more likely than men to exhibit the ________-and-_______ response.

Stress can suppress the ________ _______ by prompting a decrease in the release of cells that ordinarily attack bacteria, viruses, cancer cells, and other foreign substances.

When faced with a situation over which you feel you have little control, you are more likely to turn to _______ (emotion/problem)-focused coping.

Research has shown that a dog will respond with learned helplessness if it has received repeated shock and has had

When people in care facilities take an active part in managing their own care and surroundings, their morale and health tend to improve. Such findings indicate that people do better when they experience an ______ (internal/external) locus of control.

People who have close relationships are less likely to die prematurely than those who do not, supporting the idea that

Because it triggers the release of mood-boosting neurotransmitters such as serotonin, _______ exercise raises energy levels and helps alleviate depression and anxiety

Research on the faith factor has found that

One of the most consistent findings of psychological research is that happy people are also

There will always be someone more successful, more accomplished, or richer with whom to compare ourselves. In psychology, this phenomenon is referred to as the ___________ ___________ principle.

According to Freud’s ideas about the three-part personality structure, the ______ operates on the reality principle and tries to balance demands in a way that produces long-term pleasure rather than pain; the _______________ operates on the pleasure principle and seeks immediate gratification; and the _________ represents the voice of our internalized ideals (our conscience).

In the psychoanalytic view, conflicts unresolved during one of the psychosexual stages may lead to ________ at that stage.

Freud believed that our defense mechanisms operate __________ (consciously\/unconsciously) and defend us against _________.

___________ tests ask test-takers to respond to an ambiguous image by describing it or telling a story about it.

Which two primary dimensions did Hans Eysenck and Sybil Eysenck propose for describing personality variation?

What are the Big Five personality factors, and why are they scientifically useful?.

The _______-________ perspective on personality emphasizes the interaction of people with their environment. To describe the interacting influences of behavior, thoughts, and environment, Albert Bandura used the term ________ _______.

The tendency to accept responsibility for success and blame circumstances or bad luck for failure is called ___________-___________ ________________ .

_________ (Secure/Defensive) self-esteem is linked to angry and aggressive behavior. ___________(Secure/Defensive) self-esteem is a healthier self-image that allows us to focus beyond ourselves and enjoy a higher quality of life.

What are two types of motivators?

What are the three components of emotion?

Order of responses in General Adaptation Syndrome

Three components of the psyche that influence behavior

id

Ego

Superego

According to Freud's view of personality structure, the "executive" system, the ________ seeks to gratify the impulses of the ________ in more acceptable ways

Freud proposed that the development of the "voice of our moral compass" is related to the _____, which internalizes ideals and provides standards for judgements.

According to the psychoanalytic view of development, we all pass through a series of psychosexual stages, including the oral, anal, and phallic stages. Conflicts unresolved at any of these stages may lead to

Freud believed that defense mechanisms are unconscious attempts to distort or disguise reality, all in an effort to reduce our _______.

Freud believed that we may block painful or unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings or memories from consciousness through an unconscious process called _________.

In general, neo-Freudians such as Adler and Horney accepted many of Freud's views but placed more emphasis than he did on

Modern-day psychodynamic theorists and therapists agree with Freud about

Which of the following is NOT part of the contemporary view of the unconscious?

Maslow's hierarchy of needs proposes that we must satisfy basic physiological and safety needs before we seek ultimate psychological needs, such as self-actualization. Maslow based his ideas on

The total acceptance Rogers advocated as part of a growth-promoting environment is called ___________ __________ __________.

________ theories of personality focus on describing characteristic behavior patterns, such as agreeableness or extraversion.

The most widely used personality inventory is the

Which of the following is NOT one of the Big Five personality factors?

Our scores on personality tests best predict

The social-cognitive perspective proposes that our personality is shaped by a process called reciprocal determinism, as internal factors, environmental factors, and behaviors interact. An example of an environmental factor is

Critics say that _____________-_____________ personality theories are very sensitive to an individual’s interactions with particular situations, but that they give too little attention to the person’s enduring traits.

The tendency to overestimate others’ attention to and evaluation of our appearance, performance, and mistakes is called the _______ __________.

Researchers have found that low self-esteem tends to be linked with life problems. How should this link be interpreted?

Individualist cultures tend to value ____________; collectivist cultures tend to value _________.