1What phylum and subphylum are fishes in?
Chordata, Vertebrata
2Describe fishes:
Aquatic vertebrates with gills, paired fins (usually), and scales of dermal origin.
3Describe fish hearts:
Fish hearts have 4 chambers, a single atrium and single ventricle are the 2 main chambers.
4Describe the circulation of fish:
Gills and circulation of typical fishes, Single-circuit pattern.
5What is the taxonomy of hagfishes, description?
Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Vertebrata, Superclass Agnatha, Class Myxini. No larval stage, Slime glands produce copious amounts of slime.
6Describe early fishes:
Lacked jaws, small incomplete vertebrae, and cranium, are largely scavengers and parasites.
7What is the taxonomy of lampreys, description?
Phylum chordata, Subphylum Vertebrata, Superclass Agnatha, Class Petromyzontida. Marine and freshwater scavengers and parasites, larvae are called ammocoetes.
8What are placoderms?
Earliest gnathostomes in fossil record, extinct lineage of armored, toothless fish.
9What are the 3 lineages of jawed vertebraes alive today?
Class Chondrichthyes - cartilaginous fishes, Class Actinopterygii - ray finned fishes, Class Sarcopterygii - lobe finned fishes.
10Describe the taxonomy of sharks, rays, skates
Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Vertebrata, Superclass Gnathostomata, Class Chondrichthyans, Subclass Elasmobranchii.
11Chondrichthyans have a ____ composed primarily of ____.
Skeleton, Cartilage
12What is the most diverse group of chondrichthyans?
Subclass Elamobranchii
13Specialized ____ receptors called ____ aid in prey ____ and capture.
Electrosensory, ampullae of lorenzini, detection.
14What makes ratfishes/chimeras gills unique in Class Chondrichthyes?
Gills are not external, covered by operculum. (Subclass Holocephali).
15Chondrichthyans eggs are fertilized internally or externally?
Internally
16What are the ways embryos can develop?
Oviparous eggs hatch outside the mothers body, Ovoviviparous the embryo develops within the uterus and is nourished by the egg yolk, Viviparous the embryo develops within the uterus and is nourished through a yolk sac placenta from the mothers blood.
17Describe the digestive system of Class Chondrichthyes:
A spiral valve in small intestine increases surface area and gut retention time. The reproductive tract, excretory system, digestive tract empty into cloaca.
18What determines buoyancy of sharks?
The liver (which are rich in oils)
19They are mostly still ____ and have a ____ tail (push ____ down, nose points ____).
Negatively buoyant, heterocercal, rear, up.
20What are all the Orders from Subclass Elasmobranchii?
Orectolobiformes, Carcharhiniformes, Lamniformes, Squaliformes, Rajiformes, Myliobatiformes
21What order are spiny dogfish and greenland shark?
Squaliformes
22What order are nurse sharks, carpet sharks and whale sharks?
Orectolobiformes
23What order are ground sharks? (hammer head, blue sharks, black tip reef shark)
Carcharhiniformes
24What order are land sharks? (Great white, Basking shark, Thresher shark)
Lamniformes
25What super order pertains to Skates and Rays:
Batoidea
26What order do Skates belong to?
Rajiformes
27What order do rays belong to?
Myliobatiformes
28The vast majority of ____ belong to a clade of ____ called ____. what kind of fishes belong here too?
vertebrates, gnathostomes, osteichthyes. Ray finned fishes and lobe finned fishes.
29What clade do bony fishes belong to?
Osteichthyes
30How do bony fishes ventilate water?
Ventilate by drawing water over gills that are protected by operculum.
31Describe how Class Actinopterygii (ray finned fishes) controls their buoyancy...
Air sac called swim bladder
32What are the Orders under Class Actinopterygii:
Anguilliformes, Cyprinoformes, Cyprinodontiformes, Perciformes.
33What organisms are apart of Order Anguilliformes?
Anguillidae (Eels)
34What organisms are apart of Order Cyprinoformes?
Catostomidae (suckers) and Cyprinidae (minnows).
35What organisms are apart of Order Cyprinodontiformes?s
Guppies, Mollies, Killifishes, Pupfishes.
36What Family is apart of Order Perciformes?
Percidae and Centrarchidae
37What organisms are apart of Family Centrarchidae?
Bluegill, sunfish, bass, crappie
38What organisms are apart of Family Percidae?e
Perch and Darters
39Describe Class Sarcopterygii:
Lobe finned fish, muscular pelvic and pectoral fins with extensive skeletal support used to crawl on substrate underwater.
40What 3 lineages of Class Sarcopterygii survived?Dk
Coelacanths, lungfishes, tetrapods
41Taxonomy of Coelocanths:
Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Vertebrata, Superclass Gnathostomata, Class Sarcopterygii, Subclass Actinistia, Order Coelacanthiformes.
42Describe Order Coelacanthiformes:
They have a single vestigial lung, They have a long fatty organ that may or may not be the other lung.
43Taxonomy of lungfish:
Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Vertebrata, Superclass Gnathostomata, Class Sarcopterygii, Subclass Dipnoi
44Describe lungfish:
Has lungs, gills are main organ for gas exchange, Can gulp air into their lungs.
45Scientific name of Gilled lungfish?
Protopterus amphibius
46Scientific name of South American lungfish?
Lepidosiren paradoxa