1Qualitative Analysis
provides information about the identity of the species or functional groups in the sample
2Quanitative Analysis
provides numerical information of analyte
3Classical methods
wet chemical methods such as precipitation, extraction, distillation, boiling or melting points, gravimetric and titrimetric measurements
4Instrumental methods
analytical measurements are made using instrumentation
5Quantitative Analytical Methods
gravimetric, volumtric, electroanalytical, spectroscopic, and miscellaneous
6Gravimetric Methods
determine the mass of the analyte or some compound chemically related to it
7Volumetric Methods
the volume of a solution containing sufficient reagent to react completely with the analyte that is measured
8Spectroscopic Methods
based on measurement of the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and analyte atoms or molecules
9Chromatographic Methods
separation techniques and quantitation is based on calibration curve
10Electroanalytical Methods
involve the measurement of electrical properties such as voltage, current, resistance and quantity of electrical charge
11Steps in Chemical Analysis
Sampling, sample preparation, analyze, and interpret
12Analyte
the sample being analyzed
13Steps in a quantitative analysis
Pick a method, acquire sample, process sample, eliminate interferences, calibration and measurement, calculating and evaluating results
14Classifying Chemicals
reagent grade, primary-standard grade, and special-purpose reagent chemicals
15Rules for Handling Reagents and Solutions
1. the best grade, smallest bottle
2. never return any excess reagent to a bottle
3. never insert spatulas, spoons, or knives into a bottle
16Bumping
sudden, often violent boiling that tends to spatter solution out of its container
17Wet-ashing
oxidation of the organic constituents of a sample with oxidizing reagents such as HNO3, H2SO4, H2O2, or aqueous Br2, or a combination
18Macrobalance
160-200g, + or - 0.1 mg
19Semimicroanalytical
10-30g, + or - 0.01 mg
20Microanalytical
1-3g, + or - 0.001 mg
21Buoyancy error
weighing error that develops when the object being weighed has a significantly different density than the weights
22Desiccator
device for drying substances or objects
23Decantation
pouring a liquid gently so as to not distrub a solid in the bottom of the container
24Creeping
a solid moves up the side of a wetted container or filter paper
25Apparatus for precisely measuring volume
pipet, buret, and volumetric flask
26Parallax
the apparaent displacement of a liquid level
27Meniscus
the curved surface of a liquid at its interface with the atmosphere
28Define a mole
mass / molar mass
30weight percent
weight solute / weight solution x 100
31Part per million
mass of solute / mass of solution x 10^6
32Parts per billion
mass of solute / mass of solution x 10^9