eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells GCSE

made up of eukaryotic cells, and are plant or animal cells

made up of prokaryotic cells, and e.g are bacterial cells

cell membrane, cytoplasm and and genetic material enclosed in a nucleus, they are relatively complex and include all plant and animal cells

contains genetic material that controls the activities of the cell

a gel like substance in which most sub-cellular structures are suspended, most chemical reactions happen here

controls movement of substances in and out of the cell

the place where aerobic respiration takes place to release energy to the cell

where new proteins are made for the cell

made of cellulose and strengthens the cell

where photosynthesis occurs, contains chlorophyll which absorbs light for photosynthesis

filled with cell sap, important for keeping plant cell rigid for support

prokaryotic are much smaller in comparison to eukaryotic

prokaryotic cells have: slime capsules, no nucleus, plasmids, flagella, and a cell wall not made of cellulose

floats in prokaryotic cells in the cytoplasm, controls most cell functions

code for a few specific cell functions, small rings of dna

long proteins strand that allows the cell to move around like a "tail"

the process where the cell changes to become specialised for its job

to form different types of cells as an organism develops

they differentiate at an early stage, then lose the ability once they are specialised

mainly restricted to repair and replacement

they retain the ability to differentiate throughout their life

it aquires different sub-cellular structures. this allows the cell to carry out its specific function, thus becoming a specialised cell

to allow them to carry out a particular function. it allows them to work individually, or as part of a tissue, organ, or organ system

reproduction. they contain genetic material from the male parent and need to move through water or the female reproductive system to reach the egg

long tail- swim to egg middle section- many mitochondria to transfer energy acrosome- contains digestive enzymes for breaking down outer layer of egg

rapid communication, they carry electrical signals from one part of the body to another

lots of dendrites- to make connections to other nerve cells and form a network axon- very very long and carries impulses from one place to another

contraction, they are involved in movement of the body

many mitochondria- transfer energy needed for contraction very long- so that they have room to contract

taking up water (by osmosis) and mineral ions (active transport)

root hair- increases surface area large vacuole- speeds up movement of water into cell many mitochondria- energy for active transport

transporting water and mineral ions from the roots to the stems and the leaves

lignin- builds up in spirals around cell walls for strength and support it is a hollow tube- cells joined end to end with no cell walls, and also allows water to move easily

transporting food (sugars) around a plant

tubes are formed by elongated cells joined end to end pores in sieve plates- allows for substances to move between cells up and down the plant

muscle cell, nerve cell, sperm cell

xylem cell, phloem cell, root hair cell

cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes