exercise 5

defineed as the maximum mass of a substance that can be dissolved in a fixed mass of a solvent at a given temperature

a substance will have a different solubility in different solvents depending on what?

alcohols, amines, acids, esters, ketones, and aldehydes

5% NaHCO3

5% NaOH

5% HCl

most organic molecules

these are usually soluble in organic solvents

it is held together by intermolecular forces

this is the temperature range over which the solid melts to become a liquid

the transition between the solid and the liquid is so sharp for small samples of pure substance that meltiing poits can be measured to

characterstics of molecule can be used to determine

four factors influencing melting point

mp of pentane

mp of 2,2-dimethylpropane

h- bonds of benzoic acid

h-bonds of benzoic alcohol

the ability of molecules to pack together tightly influences what?

tighter packing increases what?

have sharp melting point whereas mixtures melt with a broad temperature range

even chains pack tighter than odd

molecules with this shape have unusually high melting points

what device do we use to measure melting point?

what properties are melting and boiling points?

if boiling does occur under these conditions, what will occur?

these can be used to identify the unknown drugs

the difference in boiling point informs the difference in

an antiseptic that has boilin gpoint higher than ether that was used as general anesthetic

measure of how much the speed of light is reeduced inside the medium

often used to identify a particular substance, confirm its purity, or measure its concentration