Anemia Exam #3

reduction in the total number of erythrocytes in the circulating blood or in the quality or quantity of hemoglobin
impaired erythrocyte production
acute or chronic blood loss
increased erythrocyte destruction

reduced oxygen-carrying capacity
variable symptoms base on severity and the ability for the body to compensate

fatigue, weakness, dyspnea, and pallor

tachycardia

results in vitamin B12 deficiency
beefy red tongue appearance

absorption of folate occurs in the upper small intestine
need to take a folate supplement

most common type of anemia
progression of iron deficiency causes: brittle, thing, coarsley rigid, and spoon-shaped nails
eat organ meats like liver and heart -> rich in iron

decrease in the effective production of mature cells by the bone marrow

acute blood loss from vascular space
can happen after surgery with significant amounts of blood loss or pregnancy

accelerated destruction of red blood cells
caused by autoimmune hemolytic anemias and drug-induced hemolytic anemia

overproduction of erythrocytes

normal protective physiologic response to physiolgic stressors

nor normal and not beneficial
low WBC count = vulnerable to infectious diseases

reduction in circulation neutrophils
poor attempt to fight infections

chemotherapy
prolonged severe infection
decreased production of neutrophils
reduced survival

hand hygiene

malignant disorder of the blood and blood-forming organs
excessive accumulation of leukemic cells
**associated with bone marrow depression**

presence of undifferentiated or immature cells, usually blast cells

predominant cell is mature but does not functionnormally

enlarged lymph nodes that become palpable and tender

platelet count <150,000
<50,000/mm3 = hemorrhage from minor trauma
<15,000/mm3 = spontaneous bleeding
<10,000/mm3 = severe bleeding

synthesis and regulation of prothrombin, the prothrombin factors, and proteins C and S (anticoagulants)--CLOTTING