1What are the main functions of the skeletal system?
Support, protection, movement, mineral homeostasis, blood cell production, and triglyceride storage
2How many bones does the adult human skeleton have?
206 bones
3What are the two divisions of the skeleton?
Axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton
4What bones are included in the axial skeleton?
Skull, hyoid, auditory ossicles, vertebral column, sternum, and ribs
5What is the primary function of the axial skeleton?
To protect organs like the brain, spinal cord, heart, and lungs
6What is the function of the vertebral column?
It supports the head, provides flexibility, and is a point of attachment for muscles and ribs
7How many cervical vertebrae are there?
Seven
8What is the purpose of intervertebral discs?
To absorb shock and permit movement of the vertebral column
9What are the three parts of the sternum?
Manubrium, body, and xiphoid process
10What is the appendicular skeleton?
The bones of the upper and lower limbs and the girdles that connect them to the axial skeleton
11What bones make up the pelvic girdle?
Ilium, ischium, and pubis
12What are long bones primarily made of?
Compact bone in the diaphysis and spongy bone in the epiphysis
13What is bone marrow's function?
Red marrow produces blood cells, and yellow marrow stores fat
14What type of bone is cube-shaped?
Short bone
15What is an example of a sesamoid bone?
Patella
16What is calcification?
The process of hardening bone tissue by crystallizing mineral salts in the matrix
17What are osteoblasts responsible for?
Building bone tissue
18What are the two types of bone tissue?
Compact bone and spongy bone
19What is a closed fracture?
A fracture where the bone breaks but does not penetrate the skin
20What type of fracture breaks the bone at an angle?
Oblique fracture
21What is a comminuted fracture?
A fracture where the bone is broken into three or more pieces
22What are osteocytes?
Mature bone cells that maintain daily metabolism in bone tissue
23What is the role of osteoclasts?
To break down bone tissue for maintenance and repair through resorption
24What structure in compact bone contains blood vessels?
The osteon’s central canal
25What is the main difference between compact and spongy bone?
Compact bone is dense with few spaces, while spongy bone has a porous, trabecular structure
26What does the trabeculae in spongy bone contain?
Red bone marrow in its cavities
27What is a greenstick fracture?
An incomplete fracture where the bone bends, commonly found in children
28What is the medullary cavity?
The hollow cavity in long bones that contains bone marrow
29What does articular cartilage do?
It covers the ends of bones at joints to reduce friction and absorb shock
30What mineral is most abundant in bone tissue?
Calcium
31What is a displaced fracture?
A fracture where the broken bone pieces are out of alignment