04: The Muscular System

cover, support, and separate muscles

attach muscle to bone

violent action

bad, difficult, or painful

paralysis, stroke

rupture

coordination, order

tendon, stretch out, extend, strain

tone, stretching, tension

pertaining to muscle tissue and fascia

bands of fibrous tissue that connect bone to bone

the stimulation of a muscle by an impulse transmitted by a motor nerve

when one muscle in a pair relaxes, the other contracts, etc

abduction

adduction

the circular movement at the far end of a limb, eg your hand via wrist movement

bending the foot upward at the ankle

bending the foot downward at the ankle

where a muscle begins. located nearest to the midline of the body or to a less movable part of the skeleton

where a muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon. this is the more movable attachment

towards the side

towards the midline

slanted at an angle

in straight alignment with the vertical axis of the body

a ring-like muscle that constricts the opening of a passageway

in a crosswise direction

forehead muscle. moves the eyebrows

moves jaw, mostly used for side-to-side movement

moves jaw, used for up and down, hard clenching

makes up the bulk of the chest muscles

found in the abdomen

a pair of long, flat muscles on the front wall of the abdomen

located on the side of the abdomen. engaged when someone laughs or coughs

forms the muscular cap of the shoulder

moves the head and shoulder blade

located in the front of the thigh

four muscles located to the side of the rectus femoris on the thigh

posterior thigh muscles

large muscle on the back of the calf. “stomach of the leg”

inflammation of a fascia

a debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue and/or widespread pain

inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon

inflammation or irritation of tendons caused by excessive or unusual use of the joint

a chronic condition characterized by pain due to repetitive overuse or an injury that has not healed

a poorly understood condition characterized by persistent fatigue that is not relieved by rest

a band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally. can form in muscles or internal organs as the result of an injury or surgery

weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures. can be caused by disease or by disuse of the muscle over a long period of time

a complex syndrome characterized by weight loss, muscle wasting, and fatigue. often associated with cancer, AIDS, etc

tissue protruding through a weak area in the muscle that normally contains it

general tenderness or pain in the muscles

disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body

breakdown of striated muscle that can release raw muscle contents into the bloodstream and can lead to renal failure

the loss of muscle mass and function that comes with aging

the state of balanced muscle tension (resistence to movement). this allows for normal posture, coordination, and movement

lacking normal muscle tone or strength

movement disorder characterized by involuntary (sometimes repetitive) contraction of certain muscles. often a symptom of Parkinson’s, strokes, brain injuries

diminished muscle tone. infants with hypotonia are sometimes described as having “floppy baby syndrome”

the lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement. often shaky and unsteady

the permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with nonelastic ones. can be caused by scarring or lack of use due to inactivity

pain in the leg muscles during exercise but is relieved by rest. due to poor circulation

any sudden, involuntary contraction of one or more muscles

quick, involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles. can happen as one is falling asleep or as a result of epilepsy, response to medication, etc

hiccups. myoclonus of the diaphragm

a painful localized muscle spasm

also known as wryneck. a stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side

extreme slowness in movement. one of the symptoms of Parkinson’s

distortion or impairment of voluntary movement resulting in fragmented or jerky motions

abnormally increased muscle function or activity

a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces weakness and rapid fatigue, especially in the eye, face, and throat

genetic diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement WITHOUT affecting the nervous system