1What is variation?
Differences between individuals of the same species.
2What causes genetic variation?
Mutation, meiosis, and random fertilisation.
3What causes environmental variation?
Factors such as diet, climate, and lifestyle.
4What is continuous variation?
Variation showing a range of values.
5What is discontinuous variation?
Variation with distinct categories.
6Give an example of continuous variation.
Height.
7Give an example of discontinuous variation.
Blood group.
8What is evolution?
A change in inherited characteristics over time.
9Who proposed evolution by natural selection?
Charles Darwin.
10What is natural selection?
The process where advantageous traits are passed on.
11What is a selection pressure?
A factor affecting survival and reproduction.
12What is adaptation?
A feature increasing survival chances.
13What is a species?
Organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring.
14What is speciation?
The formation of a new species.
15What is allopatric speciation?
Speciation caused by geographical isolation.
16What is reproductive isolation?
When populations can no longer interbreed.
17What is directional selection?
Selection favouring one extreme phenotype.
18What is stabilising selection?
Selection favouring the average phenotype.
19What is disruptive selection?
Selection favouring both extreme phenotypes.
20What is genetic drift?
Random changes in allele frequency.
21What is the founder effect?
Reduced genetic variation from a small population.
22What is a mutation?
A change in DNA sequence.
23What is antibiotic resistance?
Bacteria surviving antibiotic treatment.
24How does antibiotic resistance evolve?
Natural selection favours resistant bacteria.
25What is artificial selection?
Humans breeding organisms with desired traits.
26What is selective breeding?
Choosing parents with desirable characteristics.
27What is biodiversity?
The variety of living organisms in an area.
28Why is biodiversity important?
It maintains stable ecosystems.
29What is conservation?
Protecting species and habitats.
30What is extinction?
The permanent loss of a species.
31What is a gene pool?
All the alleles in a population.
32What is allele frequency?
How common an allele is in a population.