1What is all matter made up of?
Quarks and leptons
2What are fundamental particles?
Particles that cant be broken down any further (quarks and leptons)
3How many generations of quarks and leptons are there?
3
4What is the first generation of quarks?
Up (u) and down (d) quarks
5What is the first generation of leptons?
electron (e-) and electron neutrino (ve)
6What are antiparticles?
Different versions of the quarks and leptons
Have same mass, opposite charge
7What are the quark antiparticles?
Anti-up (-u) and anti-down (-d)
8What are the lepton antiparticles?
Positron (e+) and electron antineutrino (-ve)
9What are the charges for up and anti-up quarks?
Up- +2/3
Anti-up- -2/3
10What are the charges for down and anti-down quarks?
Down- +1/3
Anti-down- -1/3
11What are the charges for electron and positron leptons?
Electron- -1
Positron- +1
12What are the charges for electron neutrino and electron antineutrino leptons?
Electron neut- 0
Electron antineut- 0
13How do you write the symbol for antiparticles?
Place a bar across top of particle symbol
14What happens when a particle and its antiparticle meet?
They annihilate eachother and produce two photons that travel in opposite directions
15What are photons?
Packets of energy
16Why do the photons travel in opposite directions?
To conserve momentum
17What are hadrons?
Composite particles, made up of quarks
18What are the 3 types of hadrons?
Baryons
Antibaryons
Mesons
19What are baryons?
Particles made up of 3 quarks
20What are examples of baryons?
Proton (uud), neutron (udd), delta++ (uuu), delta- (ddd)
21What are antibaryons made up of?
Made up of three antiquarks
22What are examples of antibaryons?
antiproton (-uud), antineutron (-udd)
(bar above all 3 letters)
23What are Mesons made up of?
quark-antiquark pairs
24What are pions? How are they made?
A type of meson
π+ =up quark and anti-down quark
π- =anti-up quark and down quark
25What are the four fundamental interactions?
Gravitational
Weak
Strong
Electromagnetic
26What is gravitational interaction?
Force of attraction between all matter with a mass
Extends to infinite distance-decreases with distance in an inverse square rship
Very weak interaction
27What is weak interaction?
Experienced by all leptons and quarks (including baryons)
Weak compared to the strong and emgnetic force
Very short range
28When does the weak force become insignificant?
When the strong and emgnetic forces are present
29What is the strong force?
Experienced by all quarks (including baryons)
Short range
30What is the electromagnetic force?
Force between all charged particles
Infinite range
Affects neutral hadrons bc composed of quarks
31What are the lepton numbers?
Positron= -1
Electron antineutrino= -1
Electron= +1
Electron neutrino= +1
32What are the baryon numbers?
Baryons= +1
Antibaryons= -1
Other= 0
33What do you check to see if beta minus equations are valid?
The conservation of charge, lepton number and baryon number