1What is electrostatics?
The study of electric charges in stationary form.
2What is electrodynamics?
The science of electric charges in motion.
3What is electromagnetism?
The study of how electrons are given electric potential energy and how moving electrons create magnetism.
4What is the smallest unit of electric charge?
Electron and proton.
5What is the charge of an electron?
-1 (negative charge).
6What is the charge of a proton?
+1 (positive charge).
7What is the nucleus of an atom composed of?
Protons and neutrons.
8What are nucleons?
Protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
9What is the electron cloud?
The space where electrons orbit around the nucleus.
10Who discovered the proton?
Eugene Goldstein (1886).
11Who discovered the neutron?
James Chadwick (1932).
12Who discovered the electron?
J.J. Thompson (1897).
13What is the fundamental unit of electrical charge?
Coulomb (C).
14How many electron charges are in 1 Coulomb?
6.3 x 10^18 electron charges.
15What are the three ways electrification can occur?
Contact, friction, and induction.
16What is Coulomb's Law?
The electrostatic force is directly proportional to the product of the electrostatic charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
17What happens to electrostatic force when objects are close together?
It is very strong.
18What happens to electrostatic force when objects are far apart?
It decreases rapidly.
19What is the unit of electric potential?
Volt (V).
20What is another term for electric potential?
Electromotive Force (EMF) or voltage.
21What are the four electrical states of matter?
Conductors, insulators, semiconductors, and superconductors.
22What is a conductor?
A material through which electrons flow easily.
23What is an insulator?
A material that inhibits the flow of electrons.
24What is a semiconductor?
A material that can act as both a conductor and an insulator under different conditions.
25Who developed semiconductor technology?
William Shockley (1946).
26What is superconductivity?
The property of zero resistance to electron flow below a critical temperature.
27What is Ohm’s Law?
V = IR (Voltage = Current x Resistance).
28What unit is electric current measured in?
Amperes (A).
29What unit is electric resistance measured in?
Ohms (Ω).
30What is the formula for power?
P = IV (Power = Current x Voltage).
31What is the difference between a series circuit and a parallel circuit?
A series circuit has only one path for current; a parallel circuit has multiple paths.
32What type of current flows in one direction?
Direct Current (DC).
33What type of current oscillates back and forth?
Alternating Current (AC).
34What is the unit of power?
Watt (W).
35What is the power loss formula?
P = I²R.
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