prelims
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1
What is electrostatics?
The study of electric charges in stationary form.
2
What is electrodynamics?
The science of electric charges in motion.
3
What is electromagnetism?
The study of how electrons are given electric potential energy and how moving electrons create magnetism.
4
What is the smallest unit of electric charge?
Electron and proton.
5
What is the charge of an electron?
-1 (negative charge).
6
What is the charge of a proton?
+1 (positive charge).
7
What is the nucleus of an atom composed of?
Protons and neutrons.
8
What are nucleons?
Protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
9
What is the electron cloud?
The space where electrons orbit around the nucleus.
10
Who discovered the proton?
Eugene Goldstein (1886).
11
Who discovered the neutron?
James Chadwick (1932).
12
Who discovered the electron?
J.J. Thompson (1897).
13
What is the fundamental unit of electrical charge?
Coulomb (C).
14
How many electron charges are in 1 Coulomb?
6.3 x 10^18 electron charges.
15
What are the three ways electrification can occur?
Contact, friction, and induction.
16
What is Coulomb's Law?
The electrostatic force is directly proportional to the product of the electrostatic charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
17
What happens to electrostatic force when objects are close together?
It is very strong.
18
What happens to electrostatic force when objects are far apart?
It decreases rapidly.
19
What is the unit of electric potential?
Volt (V).
20
What is another term for electric potential?
Electromotive Force (EMF) or voltage.
21
What are the four electrical states of matter?
Conductors, insulators, semiconductors, and superconductors.
22
What is a conductor?
A material through which electrons flow easily.
23
What is an insulator?
A material that inhibits the flow of electrons.
24
What is a semiconductor?
A material that can act as both a conductor and an insulator under different conditions.
25
Who developed semiconductor technology?
William Shockley (1946).
26
What is superconductivity?
The property of zero resistance to electron flow below a critical temperature.
27
What is Ohm’s Law?
V = IR (Voltage = Current x Resistance).
28
What unit is electric current measured in?
Amperes (A).
29
What unit is electric resistance measured in?
Ohms (Ω).
30
What is the formula for power?
P = IV (Power = Current x Voltage).
31
What is the difference between a series circuit and a parallel circuit?
A series circuit has only one path for current; a parallel circuit has multiple paths.
32
What type of current flows in one direction?
Direct Current (DC).
33
What type of current oscillates back and forth?
Alternating Current (AC).
34
What is the unit of power?
Watt (W).
35
What is the power loss formula?
P = I²R.
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