1High WBC count due to proliferation of abnormal WBCs
Proliferation of abnormal WBCs suppresses production of RBCs and platelets. Low RBC count causes anemia and low platelet count causes abnormal bleeding.
Leukemia
2Abnormally high RBC count increases blood viscosity
Polycythemia
3Neoplastic disorder. Increased production of erythrocytes, granulocytes, and platelets in bone marrow
Primary polycytehmia
4Not a neoplastic disorder. Increased production of erythrocytes due to prolonged hypoxia and erythropoietin secretion
Secondary polycytehmia
5Manifestations of Polycythemia Increased blood viscosity increases peripheral resistance which affects blood pressure
Increased BP
6Manifestations of Polycythemia Increased blood viscosity decreases velocity of blood flow leading to accumulation of coagulation factors in blood vessels
Thrombosis and infraction
7Manifestations of Polycythemia Effect of increased blood volume and blood viscosity on blood vessel diameter
Distended blood flow vessel and sluggish blood
8Manifestations of Polycythemia Increased blood pressure increases workload of heart
Hypertrophied heart
9Manifestations of Polycythemia High levels of uric acid from cell destruction
Joint pain
10Manifestations of Polycythemia Enlargement of these organs is due to distended blood vessels
Hepatomegaly and splenomegaly
11Manifestations of Polycythemia Term for enlarge liver
Hepatomegaly
12Manifestations of Polycythemia Term for enlarged spleen
Splenomegaly
13Mutation of myeloid stem cells in bone marrow. Results in overproduction of abnormal monocytes and granulocytes
Lymphocytic leukemia
14Mutation of lymphoid cell line in bone marrow. Results in overproduction of abnormal B cells, T cells, or natural killer cell line.
Myelogenous/myelocytic leukemia
15Abrupt onset of symptoms. Caused by proliferation of myeloid stem cells.
Acute myelogenous(AML)
16Gradual onset of symptoms. Caused by proliferation of lymphoid stem cells.
Acute lymphocytic( ALL)
17Gradual onset of symptoms. Cause by proliferation of myeloid stem cells
Chronic myelogenous (CML)
18Abrupt onset of symptoms. Caused by proliferation of lymphoid stem cells.
Chromic lymphogtic (CLL)
19Types of leukemia mainly seen in adults.
Acute myelogenous, chronic lymphogtic, chronic myelogenous
20Most common leukemia in childhood
Acute lymphocytic
21Manifestations of leukemia
Thrombocytopenia
Bleeding
22Manifestations of leukemia
Decreased numbers of normal WBCs.
Frequent infections
23Manifestations of leukemia
Anemia
Fatigue, pallor, SOB
24Manifestations of leukemia
Bone marrow expansion and bone resorption
Bone pain
25Manifestations of leukemia
Accumulation of WBCs in liver and spleen
Swollen lymph nodes and enlarged spleen
26Manifestations of leukemia
Cytokines released by abnormal WBCs
Night sweats
277 Complications of Leukemia
1: opportunistic infections including pneumonia
2: sepsis
3: congestive heart failure
4: hemorrhage
5: liver failure
6:renal failure
7: CNS depression/coma