1Q: What is the first part of urinalysis?
A: Direct visual observation
2Q: What characteristics are observed?
A: Color, turbidity, odor
3Q: What is normal urine color?
A: Pale yellow to dark yellow to amber in color and clear.
4What is the normal urine volume?
750 - 2000mL/24hr.
5What is the yellow color of concentrated urine due to ?
urochrome
6Q: What causes red urine?
A: Blood, hemoglobin, myoglobin, laxatives, beets, rhubarb
7Q: What causes black urine?
A: Melanin due to melanoma
8Q: What causes green urine?
A: Medications or chlorophyll in mouthwash
9Q: What causes blue urine?
multivitamins, Vitamin E
10Q: What causes green/ blue urine?
pseudomonas infection
11Q: What causes light yellow urine?
dilute urine, perhaps due to drinking a large volume of water
12Q: What causes yellow urine?
typical of normal urine
13Q: What causes amber urine?
concentrated urine, as seen in dehydration
14Q: What causes cloudy urine?
A: Cells, bacteria, crystals, mucus
15Q: What causes foul-smelling urine?
A: Urinary tract infection
16What odor is associated with a fruity odor?
diabetes mellitus, starvation and dehydration, or ketone formation
17Q: What odor is associated with maple syrup urine disease?
A: Sweet maple syrup odor
18Q: What odor is associated with PKU?
A: Musty odor
19What happens if a specimen has been stored in a refrigerator?
amorphous urates or phosphates can create cloudiness.
20Foamy urine can be seen in?
proteinuria, conjugated bilirubin, pyridium
21Turbid/cloudy urine can be seen in?
WBCs, urates, phosphates