1Shape of DNA
Double Helix
2# of strands in a DNA Molecule
2 strands
3The "steps" in a dna model
Nitrogenous bases
4What do the "sides" comprise of?
5 Carbon, Sugar, and Phosphates
5Building blocks for nucleic acids
Nucleotides
6Function of DNA
Hold genetic information
7What direction are the strands of DNA arranged?
3' to 5' and 5' to 3'
Opposite from one another
8DNA is found where in Eukaryotic Cells
Nucleus
95-Carbon sugar in DNA
Deoxyribose
105-Carbon sugar in RNA
Ribose
11Three types of RNA
mRNA (messenger)
tRNA (transfer)
rRNA (ribosomal)
12Where are the 3 RNA types made
Nucleus
132 Nucleic Acids
DNA (deoxyribosenucleic acid)
RNA (ribonucleic acid)
144 Bases in DNA
Adenine (A)
Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C)
Guanine (G)
15Nitrogenous base pairs in DNA
Adenine (A) and Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C) and Guanine (G)
16Three Parts of a Nucleotide
5-Carbon Sugar
Phosphate
Nitrogen Base
17Who created the base pairing rule?
Erwin Chargaff
18Purines
Double ring structures
19Purine bases
Adenine (A) and Guanine (G)
20Pyrimidines
Single ring structures
21Examples of Pyrimidines
Cytosine (C)
Thymine (T)
Uracil (U)
22How many Hydrogen Bonds between A & T?
2 bonds
23How many hydrogen bonds between C & G?
3 bonds
24Why are hydrogen bonds weak?
So they are easy to break
25How does DNA make a copy of itself and when?
DNA replication happens in the Nucleus or Cytoplasm.
DNA unwinds, complementary base pairings form, and they join together.
26Replication forks
The sites where DNA replication and separation occur.
27Replication bubbles
Unwound and open region of a DNA helix where DNA replication occurs
28Does eukaryotic or prokaryotic take longer to replicate?
Eukaryotic
29Which enzyme unwinds DNA
Topoisomerase
30Which enzyme unzips DNA
Helicase
31Which enzyme proofreads the new DNA strand?
DNA Polymerase
32Which enzyme keeps DNA from twisting again?
Single-Strand Binding Proteins (SSBP or SSB)
33What is the job of SSBP?
Helps keep the separated strands apart
34Why is DNA replication called semi-conservative?
Each daughter DNA molecule has one parental strand and a new strand
35Job of RNA primer
To start DNA Synthesis
36The leading Strand of DNA
The strand that is being replicated continuously from 3' to 5'
37The lagging strand of DNA
Goes against the helicase
5' to 3'
38What direction does replication occur
5' to 3'
39Name of an error in DNA Base sequences
Genetic mutation
40Some reasons behind errors in replication
Environmental or spontaneous changes
41DNA Fingerprinting
Lab technique to determine identity of a person based on DNA