1What are the properties of a solid?
Definite shape and volume, cannot be easily compressed, cannot flow, has relative density, does not expand to fill all available space
2What are the properties of liquid
No definite shape but definite volume, cannot be easily compressed, can flow, has relative density, does not expand to fill all available space
3What are the properties of gas
No definite shape and volume, can be easily compressed, can flow, has relative density, expandS to fill all available space
4What is the kinetic model of matter?
It describes matter as being made up of tiny particles (molecules and/or atoms) in constant and random motion
5What is the arrangement of a solid and its density
Closely packed together and occupy minimum space ususally in regular pattern, high density
6What is the movement of particles in a solid
Vibrate and rotate about fixed position, held together by very strong intermolecular forces of attraction between them
7What is the arrangement of a liquid and its density
Closely packed, particles slightly further apart compared to solids. Quite high density but less dense compared to solids
8What is the movement of particles in a liquid
Free to move about within the liquid but confined within vessel containing the liquid due to strong intermolecular forces of attraction between them
9What is the arrangement of a gas and its density
Very far apart and randomly arranged, low density
10What is the movement of particles in a gas
Move randomly at very high speeds. Weak intermolecular forces of attraction between them
11What is Brownian motion
Random motion of particles
12What are some observations of brownian motion?
Smoke particles scatter light shining on them - appear as bright spots, smoke particles seen to be moving in a random or jittery motion. The smaller the particle, the greater the agitation
13In changes of state, _____
energy is taken in or given out but there is no change in temperature
14What’s another name for freezing point
Solidification point
15Why does the temperature of an object remain constant during melting
The heat taken in is not to increase kinetic energy but is used to overcome the intermolecular forces of attraction between particles, allowing the particles to move freely of each other
16Why does the temperature of an object remain constant during freezing?
During freezing when the intermolecular forces of attraction are formed, heat is released allowing particles to vibrate and rotate about fixed positions
17What is temperature?
It is a measure of the degree of hotness of a body, indicated by a measure of the average kinetic energy of its molecules
18What is heat?
It is the transfer of thermal energy from one body at a higher temperature to another body at a lower temperature
19Does high temperature always mean big amount of thermal energy
No
20Does low temperature always mean small amount of thermal energy
No
21What is internal energy
It is the sum of Kinetic energy + potential energy of all particles in a body
22When temperature increases, the average kinetic energy will:
increase
23What is the cause of potential energy
It is due to the intermolecular forces of attraction between the molecules.
24The larger the distance between the molecules:
The greater is the potential energy
25When a substance changes from solid to liquid or liquid to gas
distance between molecules increases, intermolecular forces weaken, therefore the potential energy increases