DNA Structure and Function Test
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1
Shape of DNA
Double Helix
2
# of strands in a DNA Molecule
2 strands
3
The "steps" in a dna model
Nitrogenous bases
4
What do the "sides" comprise of?
5 Carbon, Sugar, and Phosphates
5
Building blocks for nucleic acids
Nucleotides
6
Function of DNA
Hold genetic information
7
What direction are the strands of DNA arranged?
3' to 5' and 5' to 3'
Opposite from one another
Opposite from one another
8
DNA is found where in Eukaryotic Cells
Nucleus
9
5-Carbon sugar in DNA
Deoxyribose
10
5-Carbon sugar in RNA
Ribose
11
Three types of RNA
mRNA (messenger)
tRNA (transfer)
rRNA (ribosomal)
tRNA (transfer)
rRNA (ribosomal)
12
Where are the 3 RNA types made
Nucleus
13
2 Nucleic Acids
DNA (deoxyribosenucleic acid)
RNA (ribonucleic acid)
RNA (ribonucleic acid)
14
4 Bases in DNA
Adenine (A)
Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C)
Guanine (G)
Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C)
Guanine (G)
15
Nitrogenous base pairs in DNA
Adenine (A) and Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C) and Guanine (G)
Cytosine (C) and Guanine (G)
16
Three Parts of a Nucleotide
5-Carbon Sugar
Phosphate
Nitrogen Base
Phosphate
Nitrogen Base
17
Who created the base pairing rule?
Erwin Chargaff
18
Purines
Double ring structures
19
Purine bases
Adenine (A) and Guanine (G)
20
Pyrimidines
Single ring structures
21
Examples of Pyrimidines
Cytosine (C)
Thymine (T)
Uracil (U)
Thymine (T)
Uracil (U)
22
How many Hydrogen Bonds between A & T?
2 bonds
23
How many hydrogen bonds between C & G?
3 bonds
24
Why are hydrogen bonds weak?
So they are easy to break
25
How does DNA make a copy of itself and when?
DNA replication happens in the Nucleus or Cytoplasm.
DNA unwinds, complementary base pairings form, and they join together.
DNA unwinds, complementary base pairings form, and they join together.
26
Replication forks
The sites where DNA replication and separation occur.
27
Replication bubbles
Unwound and open region of a DNA helix where DNA replication occurs
28
Does eukaryotic or prokaryotic take longer to replicate?
Eukaryotic
29
Which enzyme unwinds DNA
Topoisomerase
30
Which enzyme unzips DNA
Helicase
31
Which enzyme proofreads the new DNA strand?
DNA Polymerase
32
Which enzyme keeps DNA from twisting again?
Single-Strand Binding Proteins (SSBP or SSB)
33
What is the job of SSBP?
Helps keep the separated strands apart
34
Why is DNA replication called semi-conservative?
Each daughter DNA molecule has one parental strand and a new strand
35
Job of RNA primer
To start DNA Synthesis
36
The leading Strand of DNA
The strand that is being replicated continuously from 3' to 5'
37
The lagging strand of DNA
Goes against the helicase
5' to 3'
5' to 3'
38
What direction does replication occur
5' to 3'
39
Name of an error in DNA Base sequences
Genetic mutation
40
Some reasons behind errors in replication
Environmental or spontaneous changes
41
DNA Fingerprinting
Lab technique to determine identity of a person based on DNA
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