1What does pure substance mean?
only one element or compound in the substance
2Pure vs mixture melting point data
Pure substance have a sharp melting point whereas mixtures melt over a range of temperatures
3What type of mixture can be separated using simple distillation?
To separate solvent from a solution
4Describe distillation
Boil the mixture and the molecules with the lowest boiling points evaporate first and then are cooled to return to a liquid and go into a separate chamber.
5What type of mixture can be separated using fractional distillation?
To separate different liquids from a mixture of liquids
6Describe fractional distillation
The mixture is evaporated and rises up the tube. Different substances have different boiling points - will condense at different temperatures.As the mixture travels up the tube, temperature decreases.
Substances condense at different heights and are collected.
7What type of mixture can be separated using filtration?
Insoluble solid from a liquid
8Describe filtration
Filter paper which one component of a mixture can pass through but the other is caught by
9What type of mixture can be separated using crystallisation?
To produce solid crystals from a solution
10Describe crystallisation
A solution is warmed allowing the solvent to evaporate, the solution is now left to cool and will form crystals
11What type of mixture can be separated using chromatography?
To separate mixtures of soluble substances
12Describe chromatography
Run a solvent through the mixture on the paper which causes the substances to move at different rates.
13What is the stationary phase?
The paper because it doesn't move
14What is the mobile phase?
The solvent that moves through the paper carrying different substances with it
15Pure vs impure in chromatography
A pur substance produces just one dot where's