1what is lateralisation?
tendency for some neural functions or cognitive processes to be specialized to one side of the brain or the other
2what is the genral lateralisation ?
90% people use the left hemisphere
some people have some relation with dexterity
3what percentages of people use which hand ?
right handed 96% 4%
ambidextreous 85% 15%
left handed 73% 27%
4what is the WADA test ?
anesthiize part of the brain then test language
5what is a less invasive way to test brain lateralization?
TMS or neuroimiging
6what is the use of the right hemisphere ?
dominance of recognizing emotion
speech prodopsy
7what is the role of theleft hemisphere ?
speech meaning
8what is the Geschwind Werenikle speech model ?
1. primary auditory cortex
2. Werenikle area
3. anular gyrus
4. articulate fasciculus
5. extra connection Broca;s area
6. primary motor cortex
9what is the role of primary auditory cortex ?
recieve auditory information
10what is the role of Wernewikle's area ?
recognise series of words as index in dictionary
11what is the role of angular gyrus ?
dictionary word meaning recognition
12what is the role of agular fasciculus ?
connecting between W and B : for transmitting word sounds
enable repetition of speech in head
13what is the role of the extra connection ?
transmitting word meaning
14what is the role of Broca's area ?
planning speech , righ word order
15what is the role of primary motor cortex ?
give an answer
16what are possible causes of language disorders?
1. tumors
2. epilepsy
3. belleding or infections
4. developmental disorders
5. neurodegeralisation ( alzimers , parkisnosn )
6. infections
17what are possible speech disorders ?
1. pure word defness
2. TSA
3. Werenewikle's aphasia
4. Anatomic aphasia
5. conduction aphasia
6. Broca's aphasia
7. Apraxia of speech
18what is PWD ?
pure word defness :
*problems with word code
19what part of the brain is damaged in PWD ?
werenwikle's area
20what symptoms do PWD patients show ?
problems with recognizing spoken words
21what is TSA ?
transcortical sensory aphasia
*problems with word code
22which part of the brain is appeched in TSA ?
Wernewinkle's area
23what are the symptoms that a TSA patiant would show ?
no understanding of spoken or written language
recognise words but no meaning
24what is Wernewikle's aphasia ?
TSA + PWD
25what are the symptoms of Werenewikle's aphasia ?
no understanding of language
fluent and rithmical but no meaning
26what is anomic aphasia?
no memory of whole words
27what are the syptoms of anomic aphasia ?
fluent speech , understand but cannot find some words
28what is temporal anomic aphasia ?
animals , tools ,people
29what is left parietal anomic aphasia ?
autopagnosia
30what is autophagnosia ?
problems with naming own limbs
31what is Broca's anomic aphasia ?
cannot name specific words
32what types of anomic aphasia are there ?
1. temporal
2. autopagnosia
3. broca's
33what is conduction aphasia ?
problems with the extra conncetion between W and B
34what are the symptoms of conduction aphasia ?
cannot repet words
can retet but with different words
35what is Broca's aphasia ?
problmes with planning , gramar , pronunciation
no prosody or rythm
36can Broca's aphasia patients understand ?
can understand to some extent
37what is anomia ?
poorly constructed sentences
38what is apraxia of spech ?
problems in the motor command
difficulty making accurate movements when speaking
39what are the two pathways of reading ?
1. whole word recognition
2. letter recognition
40what is whole word recognition ?
read the whole word fast
41what is letter recognition ?
we use wehn we read new words
each letter conecutively
phonetic coding
42that types of dyslexia are there ?
1. surface dyslexia
2. phonolgical dyslexia
3. direct dyslexia
4. developmental dyslexia
43what is surface dyslexia ?
whole word recognition damaged
need to sound out each letter
44what is phonological dyslexia ?
only read words they know
problem with new words
45what is direct dyslexia ?
cannot find meaning
can read but no understanding
46what is developmental dyslexia ?
phonetic connection problems
left occipital temporal cortex is innactive
47what is the role of the dorsal stream ?
phonological
48what is the dorsal stream ?
temporal cortex ( recognise letters )
temporal parietal cotex ( recognise sound )
inferior frontal cortex ( correctly prononced words )
49what is the role of the ventral stream ?
whole word reading
50what is the ventral stream ?
temporal cortex ( recognise letters )
visual word form area ( recognizing words)
51what is dysgraphia ?
t**rouble with writing**
52what types of disgraphya are there ?
1. orthographic
2. phonologic
53what is ortogrpahic disgraphya ?
no whole word image
54what is phonologic dysgraphia ?
cannot spel based on whet they hear