lecture 18 * biology and cognition *

tendency for some neural functions or cognitive processes to be specialized to one side of the brain or the other

90% people use the left hemisphere

some people have some relation with dexterity

right handed 96% 4%

ambidextreous 85% 15%

left handed 73% 27%

anesthiize part of the brain then test language

TMS or neuroimiging

dominance of recognizing emotion

speech prodopsy

speech meaning

1. primary auditory cortex
2. Werenikle area
3. anular gyrus
4. articulate fasciculus
5. extra connection Broca;s area
6. primary motor cortex

recieve auditory information

recognise series of words as index in dictionary

dictionary word meaning recognition

connecting between W and B : for transmitting word sounds

enable repetition of speech in head

transmitting word meaning

planning speech , righ word order

give an answer

1. tumors
2. epilepsy
3. belleding or infections
4. developmental disorders
5. neurodegeralisation ( alzimers , parkisnosn )
6. infections

1. pure word defness
2. TSA
3. Werenewikle's aphasia
4. Anatomic aphasia
5. conduction aphasia
6. Broca's aphasia
7. Apraxia of speech

pure word defness :

*problems with word code

werenwikle's area

problems with recognizing spoken words

transcortical sensory aphasia

*problems with word code

Wernewinkle's area

no understanding of spoken or written language

recognise words but no meaning

TSA + PWD

no understanding of language

fluent and rithmical but no meaning

no memory of whole words

fluent speech , understand but cannot find some words

animals , tools ,people

autopagnosia

problems with naming own limbs

cannot name specific words

1. temporal
2. autopagnosia
3. broca's

problems with the extra conncetion between W and B

cannot repet words

can retet but with different words

problmes with planning , gramar , pronunciation

no prosody or rythm

can understand to some extent

poorly constructed sentences

problems in the motor command

difficulty making accurate movements when speaking

1. whole word recognition
2. letter recognition

read the whole word fast

we use wehn we read new words

each letter conecutively

phonetic coding

1. surface dyslexia
2. phonolgical dyslexia
3. direct dyslexia
4. developmental dyslexia

whole word recognition damaged

need to sound out each letter

only read words they know

problem with new words

cannot find meaning

can read but no understanding

phonetic connection problems

left occipital temporal cortex is innactive

phonological

temporal cortex ( recognise letters )

temporal parietal cotex ( recognise sound )

inferior frontal cortex ( correctly prononced words )

whole word reading

temporal cortex ( recognise letters )

visual word form area ( recognizing words)

t**rouble with writing**

1. orthographic
2. phonologic

no whole word image

cannot spel based on whet they hear