1What are chemokines?
proteins produced in response to an antigen to regulate innate and adaptive immune system
2Role of Colony-Stimulating factors (CSFs)?
aid in multiplication and differntiation of leukocytes
3Role of Interferons (IFNs)? What makes them?
-takes lead in viral infections
-regulates immune responses
-made by virus infected eukaryotic cells
4Role of Interleukins (ILs)? What makes them?
-play a role in innate and adaptive immunity
-produced by leukocytes
5What are Tumor necoris factors (TNFs) assoicated with?
inflammation and apoptosis
6How do cells communicate in the innate immune system?
-by Cytokines
7What are the five types of Cytokines you need to know about?
-Chemokines
-Colony-stimulating factors (CSFs)
-Interferons (IFNs)
-Interleukins (ILs)
-Tumor necoris factor (TNF)
8What is the role of major histocompatibility complex MHC?
-peptide complex that enables immune system to bind to, recognize, and tolerate self and foreign antigens
-binds to T cell and CD4/8 receptors as well as Ig-like domans
-plays a role in autoimmune reaction
-helps with tissue allorecognition (foreign material from same species)
9What do Type 1 interferons do? (remember: its a cytokine who takes lead in viral infections)
-bind to specific receptors on uninfected host cells
-induce synthesis of specific proteins: ds RNA-activated endoribonucleases, protein kinases (PKRs) that phosphorylate and inactivate component (eukarytoic initiation factor 2) need to translate viral RNA
10What do Type 2 interferons do?
-activate various WBC's (macrophages, natural killer cells, T-cells)
-increase # of MHC (major histocompatibility complex) antigens
11How does IFN help neighboring cells?
-activates genes for iAVP synthesis: inactive antiviral proteins (so cell is prepared/end of life plans once infected)
12What do activated AVP proteins do?
they carry out cellular apoptosis (to prevent spreading of virus)
13Role of Natural Killer cells?
-identify and destroy infected/transformed host cells
-works by degranulating its stash of chemicals
14What receptors do Natural Killer cells recognize?
*recognize MHC class 1 molecules (found on all host cells) think nation flag
*antibody Fc receptors
15What happens when Natural Killer cells recognize antibody bound Fc receptors on host cells?
initiates antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)
basically take you out, cut off from the brethren
16How do Natural Killer cells carry out antigen dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)
-Natural killer cell releases perforin monomer (think perforation) into target cell
-perforin comes together to from a pore in target cell membrane
-natural killer cells then release cytooxic protins (granzyme)