Histology: Connective Tissue
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1
What is connective tissue according to the lecture?
A tissue that fills the spaces between more specialized elements and serves to hold them together and support them. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
2
What are the three types of connective tissue?
1. Ordinary connective tissue 2. Mucoid tissue 3. Special connective tissue. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
3
What are the components of ordinary connective tissue?
Cells and intercellular matrix. The intercellular matrix consists of ground substance and fibres. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
4
What are the three types of connective tissue fibres?
Collagen fibres, elastic fibres and reticular fibres. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
5
What are collagen fibres made up of?
Bundles of collagen fibrils which run in various bundles. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
6
How are collagen fibre bundles arranged?
The bundles split into branches. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
7
Which cells synthesize collagen fibres?
Fibroblasts. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
8
What colour do collagen fibres stain with H&E?
Pink. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
9
What colour do collagen fibres appear in unstained preparations?
White. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
10
How are elastic fibres arranged?
They run singly, not in bundles. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
11
What happens when elastic fibres are cut?
Their ends retract and recoil. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
12
What is the arrangement of elastic fibres with one another?
They branch and anastomose with one another. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
13
Which cells synthesize elastic fibres?
Fibroblasts. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
14
How do elastic fibres stain with H&E?
They take a weak pink stain. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
15
What colour do elastic fibres appear in unstained preparations?
Yellow. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
16
What are the main characteristics of reticular fibres?
They are very fine, branched fibres characteristically arranged in delicate networks. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
17
What is the function of reticular fibre networks?
They hold the cells in place. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
18
Where are reticular fibres seen?
In lymphoid organs, liver and bone marrow. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
19
Do reticular fibres take up H&E stain?
No, they do not take up H&E stain. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
20
Which cells synthesize reticular fibres?
Reticular cells or probably fibroblasts. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
21
What are the two categories of connective tissue cells?
Fixed cells and wandering cells. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
22
Which cells are classified as fixed cells?
Fibroblasts and fat cells. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
23
Which cells are classified as wandering cells?
Macrophages, plasma cells, mast cells and lymphocytes. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
24
What are the characteristics of fibroblasts?
They are stem cells with multiple processes and are spindle-shaped in tissue section. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
25
What is the inactive form of a fibroblast called?
Fibrocyte. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
26
Where are fibroblasts found?
In all types of connective tissue. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
27
What are the functions of fibroblasts?
They produce and maintain fibres and ground substance. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
28
What are fat cells specialised for?
Synthesis and storage of fat. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
29
What does a fat cell characteristically contain?
A large globule of fat. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
30
Where is the nucleus located in a fat cell?
The nucleus is flattened and pushed to the periphery. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
31
What happens to the cytoplasm in a fat cell?
It appears as a thin rim around the fat globule. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
32
What is a group of fat cells called?
Adipose tissue. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
33
What is the characteristic appearance of a fat cell?
Signet ring appearance. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
34
What are macrophages also called?
Histiocytes. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
35
What is the characteristic shape of macrophages?
Oval in shape. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
36
Where are macrophages found?
In the connective tissues of almost all organs of the body. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
37
What is the function of macrophages mentioned in the lecture?
Phagocytosis, including phagocytosis of worn-out RBCs and carbon particles. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
38
Where are plasma cells found?
In loose areolar tissue as well as lymphatic tissue. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
39
What is the characteristic nuclear position of a plasma cell?
The nucleus is eccentrically placed. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
40
What is the cart-wheel appearance of plasma cells?
Chromatin in the nucleus is often arranged like spokes of a wheel. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
41
What is the function of plasma cells?
They synthesize and secrete antibodies. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
42
From which cells do plasma cells develop?
B lymphocytes. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
43
What is the shape of mast cells?
Round or ovoid. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
44
Where is the nucleus of a mast cell located?
Centrally. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
45
What is characteristic of the cytoplasm of mast cells?
It is packed with coarse granules. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
46
What do mast cell granules contain?
Histamine and heparin. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
47
What are the characteristics of lymphocytes mentioned in the lecture?
They are small or large rounded cells with a large, darkly stained nucleus. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
48
What are the nuclear characteristics of neutrophils?
They have 3 to 5 lobes. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
49
What type of granules are present in neutrophils according to the lecture?
Small or fine eosinophilic granules. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
50
What is ground substance?
The interfibrillar substance, also called ground substance or matrix. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
51
What is ground substance made up of?
Glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans and water. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
52
Which glycosaminoglycan is associated with the vitreous body?
Hyaluronic acid. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
53
Which glycosaminoglycan is associated with cartilage?
Chondratin. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
54
Which glycosaminoglycan is associated with skin?
Dermatan. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
55
Which glycosaminoglycan is associated with the cornea?
Keratan. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
56
Which glycosaminoglycan is associated with the liver?
Heparan. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
57
What are the two types of ordinary connective tissue mentioned in the lecture?
Loose connective tissue and dense connective tissue. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
58
Where is loose connective tissue found and what is it made of?
It is found almost everywhere in the body as a thin filling and is made of fibres, cells and ground substance. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
59
What is characteristic of dense connective tissue?
The fibres are closely packed with very little matrix and cells. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
60
What are the two types of dense connective tissue?
Dense irregular and dense regular connective tissue. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
61
Where is dense irregular connective tissue found?
In regions that experience considerable mechanical stress and where protection is needed. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
62
How are the fibre bundles arranged in dense irregular connective tissue?
They interweave in three dimensions, giving it considerable strength. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
63
What are examples of dense irregular connective tissue?
Adventitia and periosteum. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
64
How are fibres arranged in dense regular connective tissue?
They form sheets or bundles in which the direction of fibre arrangement is related to the stresses they undergo. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
65
What are examples of dense regular connective tissue?
Tendons and ligaments. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
66
What is mucoid tissue?
An embryonic type of connective tissue typically seen in Wharton’s jelly. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
67
What is the composition of mucoid tissue?
Copious matrix, a fine mesh of collagen and stellate cells with long processes. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
68
Where is mucoid tissue found in adults?
In the vitreous body of the eye and nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
69
What are the components of special connective tissue listed in the lecture?
Bone and cartilage. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
70
How can connective tissue composition vary?
It may be dense, loose or mucoid. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
71
What are the three major components of connective tissue highlighted in the summary?
Fibres, cells and ground substance. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
72
How are connective tissue cells classified according to their movement?
They may be fixed or may wander in the surrounding tissues. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
73
What role does connective tissue have in tissue healing?
It helps in regeneration and repair of tissues. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
74
Differentiate collagen, elastic and reticular fibres based on their arrangement.
Collagen fibres form bundles; elastic fibres run singly and branch/anastomose; reticular fibres are very fine, branched fibres arranged in delicate networks.
75
Differentiate collagen and elastic fibres based on their H&E staining.
Collagen fibres stain pink with H&E, whereas elastic fibres take a weak pink stain.
76
Differentiate dense regular and dense irregular connective tissue.
Dense regular connective tissue has fibres arranged in sheets or bundles according to the stresses they undergo, with examples of tendons and ligaments; dense irregular connective tissue has fibre bundles interwoven in three dimensions and is found in areas exposed to considerable mechanical stress and requiring protection, with examples of adventitia and periosteum.
77
What connective tissue type would be associated with a region requiring considerable mechanical stress and protection?
Dense irregular connective tissue. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
78
What connective tissue type has fibres arranged according to the direction of stresses they undergo?
Dense regular connective tissue. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
79
What type of connective tissue is typically found in Wharton’s jelly?
Mucoid tissue. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
80
What type of connective tissue is found in the vitreous body in adults according to the lecture?
Mucoid tissue. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
81
What type of connective tissue is found in the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc according to the lecture?
Mucoid tissue. Histology Connective Tissue - Copy.pdf
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