Control of Microbial Growth Pt1
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1
Define Sterilization
removal of all microbial life
2
Define Disinfection
removal of pathogens
3
How do microwaves kill?
inactivate microbes by heat, not especially antimicrobial, not a means of radiation)
4
Define Antisepsis
absence of infection or infectious agents
5
Define Asepsis
Absence of infection or infectious agents
6
Define sepsis
infection resulting in systemic inflammation
7
Define Degerming
removal or reduction in microbes from an area
8
Define Sanitization
lower microbial counts on eating utensils
9
Define Biocide/Germicide
kills organisms
10
Define Bacteriostasis
inhibiting, not killing, bacteria
11
What are three modes of regulating microbial growth?
physical, chemical, biological
12
What four factors determine the effectiveness of antimicrobial tx?
*number of microbes
*environment (organic matter, temp, biofilms)
*time of exposure
*microbial characteristics
*environment (organic matter, temp, biofilms)
*time of exposure
*microbial characteristics
13
What do microbial control agents do?
*alter bacterial membrane permeability
*damages proteins
*damage to nucleic acids
*damages proteins
*damage to nucleic acids
14
What are the physical methods of microbial control?
*heat
*filtration
*cold
*desiccation
*osmotic pressure
*radiation
*filtration
*cold
*desiccation
*osmotic pressure
*radiation
15
What are the three main heat control methods?
*moist heat
>pasteurization
*dry heat (direct flamming, incineration, hot-air-sterilization)
>pasteurization
*dry heat (direct flamming, incineration, hot-air-sterilization)
16
What forms of radiation used for microbial growth control?
*ionizing radiation
*non-ionizing radiation
*non-ionizing radiation
17
What is Thermal Death point (TDP)?
lowest temp needed to kill al cells in a culture in 10 min
18
What is Thermal Death time (TDT)?
time to kill all cells in a culture at a given temp
19
What is Decimal Reduction Time (DRT)?
*time to kill 90% of a population under specific conditions
20
What is TDP?
thermal death point
21
TDT?
Thermal Death time
22
DRT?
Decimal reduction time
23
In what mathmatical way do bacterial pop die?
at a constant logarithmic rate
24
How does moist heat impact microbes? give an ex
*denatures proteins
*pasteurization
*pasteurization
25
What is Pasteurization?
moist heat process that reduces spoilage organisms and pathogens
26
What does thermoduric indicate?
organisms that survives pasteurization
27
What are three ways to complete pasteurization?
*63 C for 30 min
*high temp (short time, 72 C) for 15 sec
*ultra high temp (140 C) for < 1 sec
*high temp (short time, 72 C) for 15 sec
*ultra high temp (140 C) for < 1 sec
28
How does dry heat sterilization impact microbes?
*kills by oxidation, or denaturation
29
Three types of dry heat sterilization:
*flaming
*incineration
*hot-air sterilization
*incineration
*hot-air sterilization
30
How does filtration remove microbes?
pore size removes ( )
31
Three forms of low temp inhibiting microbial growth:
*refrigeration
*deep freezing
*lypholization
*deep freezing
*lypholization
32
Impact of high pressure on microbes?
denatures proteins
33
Impact of dessication on microbes?
*prevents metabolism
*doesn't necessarily kill organism
*doesn't necessarily kill organism
34
High osmotic pressure on microbes?
*plasmolysis
35
What type of light is bactericidal?
UV light
36
How does radiation impact microbes?
*damages DNA
37
Types of Ionizing radiation?
*X-rays, gamma rays, electron beams
*destroys DNA, damages cytoplasmic membranes, produces reactive molecules that damage other cellular components
(used to sterilize items, even after packaging)
*destroys DNA, damages cytoplasmic membranes, produces reactive molecules that damage other cellular components
(used to sterilize items, even after packaging)
38
Type of Non-ionizing radiation?
UV (causes thymine and cytosine dimers in DNA)
39
What four principles contribute to the effectiveness of disinfection?
*concentration of disinfectant
*organic matter (prescene or absence)
*pH
*time (exposure)
*organic matter (prescene or absence)
*pH
*time (exposure)
40
What are other important considerations when using chemicals to destroy microbes?
*toxicity
*material compatibility (corrosiveness)
*residue
*odor
*storage and stability
*environmental risk
*surface tension
*material compatibility (corrosiveness)
*residue
*odor
*storage and stability
*environmental risk
*surface tension
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