Nervous System

Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves

coordinate the body’s systems by receiving and sending information (maintaining homeostasis)

receives information

Determines where information is sent

Responds to signals

Brain and spinal cord

31 pairs of spinal nerves, 12 pairs of cranial nerves

Skeletal, involuntary

Smooth muscle, glands, involuntary (includes parasympathetic and sympathetic)

Rest and digest

Fight or flight

Masses of nerve cells that transmit information

Contains the nucleus and other cell organelles

Shorter, more neurons, receive information

Single long fibers, conduct information away from the cell

transport system (rough er)

Insulation surrounding axons

Gaps in the insulation

Immune function, digest debris, kill bacteria

Make myelin sheath that provides insulation (CNS)

Form membranes around tissue

Form the insulating myelin sheath around neurons in the PNS

Nerves lose their myelin sheath

(White matter) myelinated axons

(Grey matter)

Evidence of nerve cell damage (small white spots)

weak electric current

Sodium in, potassium out (I love salt and hate bananas)

Increase membrane permeability, increase activation chance

Decrease membrane permeability, decrease activation chance

Stimulates muscle contraction

Mood, happiness

Sleepiness, mood

Pain reduction, mood

Membranes located between bone and soft tissues

Can be bacterial or viral

Clear fluid that bathes the brain and spinal cord as a cushion

Bleeding within the brain

Passes down the vertebral canal (31 segments) C1-C8, T1-T12, L1-L5

Cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem

Wrinkyl large part of the brain (cerebral cortex) higher mental function and problem solving

Balance and coordination

White matter tree-like structure in the cerebellum

Regulates visceral functions (autonomic system)

Connects the two hemispheres

Wrinkes and grooves of the cerebrum

Deep grooves

Shallow groove

Bumps

Executive functions

Perception, sense-making

Memory, language

Vision

Separate right and left hemispheres

Separates cerebrum and cerebellum

Fluid filled cavities containing cerebrospinal fluid

Interpreting and analyzing information

Made of the hypothalamus and thalamus

Hormones, heart rate, blood pressure, body temp, hunger, attaches to pituitary gland

Relay Station

Optic nerves cross over each other

Visual reflexes, eye movements

Relay, sensory information

Heart, respiration, blood pressure

“master gland” of the endocrine system controlling hormones

Storage and retrieval of memories

Storage of memories associated with emotion, also associated with fear response and aggression

Hypothalamus, Hippocampus, and Amygdala. controls emotions