1What are the two groups of organs in the digestive system?
GI tract organs and accesory organs
2What organs are part of the GI tract?
Mouth, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus
3What are examples of accessory digestive organs?
Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
4Where does chemical digestion begin
Mouth
5What enzyme is found in saliva?
Amylase
6What is the pH of the stomach?
1-2
7What is the pH in the mouth?
6.7-7
8
What cells in the stomach secrete pepsinogen?
Chief cells
9
What cells in the stomach secrete hydrochloric acid?
Parietal cells
10What is the role of bile in digestion?
Emulsifies large lipid molecules
11What is the length of the oesophagus?
25cm avg
12
What are the six basic processes of the digestive system?
Ingestion, secretion, mixing and propulsion, digestion, absorption, defecation
13Where does most absorption occur in the digestive system?
Small intestine
14What are the three regions of the small intestine?
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
15What organ secretes pancreatic juice?
Pancreas
16What are the components of bile?
Water, bile salts, bilirubin, cholesterol, lecithin, ions
17What is the function of the large intestine?
Extract moisture and salts, create and store faeces
18What is the primary role of the liver in digestion?
Synthesis of bile salts and secretion of bile
19What is the function of the gallbladder?
Stores bile between meals
20What does the ileocaecal valve connect?
The ileum of the small intestine to the caecum of the large intestine
21What are the four main parts of the colon?
Ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon
22What structure isolates infection in the abdomen?
Peritoneum
23What are the two layers of the peritoneum?
Parietal layer and visceral layer
24What is the main function of villi in the small intestine?
Increase surface area for absorption
25What does the pancreatic juice contain?
Water, salts, sodium bicarbonate, enzymes (such as amylase, trypsin, chymotrypsin)
26Where is the pancreas located?
Epigastric and left hypochondriac regions
27What happens to the semisolid bolus in the stomach?
Converted to liquid and some absorption occurs
28What is the main purpose of the pyloric sphincter?
Controls emptying of stomach contents into the duodenum
29What gives faeces its color?
Stercobilin
30What is a function of the large intestine’s bacteria?
Aid in the production of Vitamin K