1What is the disease classification?
Viral Respiratory tract infection, pneumonia
2What is the causative agent?
Coronaviridae Beta-coronavirus SARS- Cov 2
3Virus Characteristics of SARS-Cov-2
enveloped virus, spike protien binds ACE II on cells for entry, +SS RNA genome (29KB), 50-200nm in diameter, genome codes for 27 different protiens
4What is SARS-Cov-2 reservoir?
Infected humans and some other animals (bats)
5What is SARS-Cov-2 portal of entery?
Respiratory tract; conjunctiva of the eyes passing through nasolacrimal duct; oral cavity and esophagus
6What is SARS-Cov-2 Transmission method?
Direct contact, droplet, aerosolized (3hrs), Indirect (viable on surfaces up to 3 days)
7What is SARS-Cov-2’s Incubation period?
2-14 days- now more like 5-10
8Describe Pathogenesis in an individual who has SARS-Cov-2
Within the host cell the virus takes over and multiples within cell (stage 1), viral replication causes cell damage and virus spreads to nearby cells, immune system is triggered (stage 2), infection spreads to lower respiratory tract (alveolar cells or other organs with ACE2 receptors) whichs results in pneumonia (stage 3)
9What side effects can the Inflammatory response have?
drmatic drop in blood pressure, leaky blood vessels, formation of blood clots, or organ failure
10Stage 1- Asymptomatic stage
Virus is detected via nasal swab and spread via droplets, virus propagates, mild innate immune response initiated
11Stage 2- Upper airway and conducting airway response
cough, fever, shortness of breath, chills, muscle pain, fatigue, headache, loss of taste and /or smell, sore throat, nausea, diarrhea.
12Stage 3- Hypoxia, progression to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) within 8-12 days
Pneumonia, difficulty breathing, persitant chest pain/pressure, confusion, inability to stay awake, bluish lips or skin
13What are some Complications from SARS-Cov-2?
Leaky blood vessels, LBP, formation of blood clots, organ failure, seizes, strokes, heart attacks, Pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome, chronic fatigue, mortality (death), and post covid conditions ‘long covid’
14How do you prevent SARS-Cov-2?
Vaccines- Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, JnJ, avoid exposure, social distancing, wear masks, handwashing