Exam 6.4-6.5 Mircobio portage learning

togaviridea, enveloped, single straned RNA

Areosols from respiratory tract 1 week before and after the rash appears

pink maculopapulaer rash starts at face and travels downward lasting 3-7 days. fever, swollen lymph nodes, muscle/joints aches, runny/stuffy nose. harsher in adults

MMR vaccine (measles, mumps, Rubella)

Live-Attenuated: contains path. that has been weakened by chemicals or redation,
live path. causes robust immune response.

chickenpox, shingles, oral polio, rotavirus, smallpox, yellow fever

Paramyoviridae- Enveloped single stranded RNA virus
Epidemiology: extremely contagious

respiratory droplets, Rnot 12-18 highest known contagious. Covid 19 Rnot 1-2

Fever sore throat, cough, Koplik spots, maculopapular rash, very contagious before and after symptoms

MMR vaccine 25% need to be hosptilized due to brain swelling, also cause pink eye, ear infection and pneminoua

Paramyxouvirus. enveloped, linear, single stranded RNA

endemic in areas with low MMR vaccinations, Africa, south Asia and Middle east

Respiratory droplets and saliva 20% asymtomatic

Non-specific viral symptoms, swelling of parotid salivary glands, orchitis and meningitis

MMR

1. enters via respiratory --> blood --> gains access to live, spleen and lymph nodes
2. Viral replication (secondary viremia) moves from bloos to skin producing lesiosn on head, trunk, limbs. Vesicle/Vesicular rash
3. Immune system destroys most of the virus but some migrate to perpheral nerves and become laten
SHINGLES: of the virsu reactivates it travles down nerve cells towards the skin resulting in a banded rash 1 in 3 get it

varicella virus or zoster virus) is a linear, double-stranded, enveloped, DNA virus about 125,000 nucleotides long

varicella virus or zoster virus) is a linear, double-stranded, enveloped, DNA virus about 125,000 nucleotides long

highly contagious and can be transmitted through both airborne droplets (sneezing/coughs) or via direct contact with the blisters of an infected individual.
most dangerous in infants and immune compromised

reactivation of virus variabe incubation period

Vaccine, droplets, direct contact with lesions

dormant virus prevented by Zostavax vaccine

small, itchy, fluid-filled blisters that can form anywhere on the body

severe pain, tingling, or burning localized where the rash will later present. Once the red patches form into small blisters, it is possible for the individual to infect someone who has not been previously exposed to VZV.

no cure, calamine and oatmeal bath reduce itch. acylovir for immune compromised people

orthopoxirus: Varsiola major and minor
linear, double stranded envelpoed DNA virus
mummies in. acient Eypt had it

highly contagious with 30% death, eradicate in 1980
people would take pus and put it on themselves to reduce intesity

Respratory droplets or contact with fromites

fever, fatigue, rash (vesicles to pustules that feel solid and looked domed-shaped with a dimple) spreads to limbs and trunks
only in labs

Picornaviridae: single stranded non-enveloped RNA
very small 30 nm, lys host cell, cytolytic

Endemic in afghnistan and Pakistan

respiratoey droplets and fecal-Oral,
water/swimming

flu-like symptoms (sore throat, fever, fatigue, nause/stomach pain, head ache) small portion have parastesia, meningitis and paralysis
post- polio syndrom

Vaccincation
Asymptomactic infactions 90%
Minor polio 5% - fever, headache, malasie, soar throat, gas tronenteritis
immune system reactions
Non paralytic polio- 2% minor polio symptoms with mucle spasm and back pain
paralytic polio- 2% paralysis and bulbar poliomeyetlitis
post polio syndrome- experienced by 80% 30-40 years later muscle deteration

Orthomxoviridae family A&B
enveloped single stranded RNA

endemic can lead to epidemics and pandemics. Seasonal fall and spring

Respiratory droplet & fomites

Fever chills, body aches coughing/sneezing

antivirals in high risk pt and vaccincation, needs to be given 48 hours

spiked attchment
Neuraminidade (N) hydrolyses mucus, budding and release
Hemagglutin (HA) - bind to lung cells, cause endocytosis of virus

spontaneous mutationn leads to minor change in HA or NA

about every 10 years two different strain enters a host and new highly virvulant human strain often happen through an animal no immunity in humans
it happens suddenly or has happen 4 times in the last 100 years

most deadly 15-34 yo
Cytokin storm: overwhelm by immmune response
SARS does it as well damges lungs
at risk for bacterial pneumonia --> spetic shock
worsed chronic medical conditions congestive heart failure, diabetes or asthma

Inactivated subunit Purified subunnit vaccines (Natrual and Recombinant)
made by either purifying parts of actul pathogen or in recombinantent vaccines using gentic enigeering to make parts of the path.

only type tp cause pandemics, infect humans pigs, birds
H1N1 swine flu
leads to moderate to severe illness
mutates fast changing virulence

Infects mostly humans with children highly susceptible to infection
Common in the U.S.
Slow mutation rate (less antigenic shift) leads to longer immunity from exposure or vaccination

rarely infects humans
Not associated with any epidemics
Mostly causes upper respiratory tract infections.

SARS-- 2003 1 in 10 people died
MERS -- people handling infected camles
SARS-COV2 -- covid 19

Cornoavirdae family --> Enveloped single stranded RNA

Originated in Wuhan China started global pandemic

Respiratory Droplets

Double stranded DNA of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is delivered in a live viral vector (a non-pathogenic adenovirus). The viral vector can attach, enter, uncoat and replicate the genome of the antigen in a person’s cells. However, it will not assemble and release new virions. The vaccine’s virus delivers the DNA to cells, which make the spike protein antigen to create an immune response and immunity to the virus.

It delivers mRNA encoding for part of the SARS-CoV-2 viral spike protein. The body’s cells that take up the mRNA will produce the viral antigen, alerting the immune system to the foreign material, and create immunity to the virus that causes COVID-19.

leads to cancer and immunodefecience
reverse trancriptase converts RNA to DNA and integrae places into host cells
-infected helper T-cells responsible for activation that adapitve immune response (cytotoxic T-Cell and anti body producing B cells)
- immunodeficiency allows for oppertunisticc infactions and cancer to develp
-provirus hard to fight because they can stay latent