Allergy, Immunology, Rheumatology

44 flashcardsby Madi
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1
Allergic Rhinitis is caused by
IgE mediated hypersensitivity
2
Food allergy is the hypersensitivity to a food with
reproducible immune response
3
Food intolerance is the .....
nonimmunologic ability to process or tolerate a food product
4
You should Introduce allergens by _____ age
6 months of
5
Anaphylaxis is the activation of _____ that causes release of mediators including _______, _______, ______, _______, _____, & ______. The most common mediator is ______
- Mast cells (basophils to a lesser extent)
- Prostaglandins, TNF, platelet activating factor, lipid mediators, cytokines, histamine
- Histamine
6
Highest risk of anaphylaxis is in ____ to ____ y.os
0-4
7
______, ______, & ______ are the most common foods that cause anaphylaxis in young children
Peanut, milk and egg
8
______, ______, & ______ are the most common foods that cause anaphylaxis as kids get older
Treenuts, seafood, shellfish
9
Anaphylaxis monitoring: Mild= ___ to ___ hrs; Moderate= __ to __ hrs; Severe= ____
- 4-6 hours
- 6-8 hours
- 24 hours +
10
Epi pen Dosing: ____ for < 15kg and ____ for > 30 kg
- 0.15
- 0.3
11
B lymphocytes are responsible for ______
- antibody production (IgA, IgE, IgM and IgG)- vaccines!
12
T lymphocytes: CD4 (helper) and CD8 (cytotoxic) are responsible for ______
destroying host cells infected with microbes
13
NK (Natural Killer) cells are ______ that must have an ______
- cytotoxic lymphocytes
- activating signal
apoptosis rather than lysis through granzymes into targeted cells?
14
HIV is a secondary immunodeficiency that infects _______ cells causing ______ destruction in the _______, _______, _______ and CD4+ cells in the ______
- Memory T Cells
- CD4+ T-cell
- thymus, bone morrow, lymphoid organs
- nervous system
15
HIV suppresses ______ & ______ portions of the immune system
- cellular and humoral
16
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is arthritis for >____ weeks in a child <____ yo
- 6
- 16
17
Oligoarticular JIA affects < ___ joints. What types of joints does it affects?
- 4, typically weightbearing joints in first 6 months
- Primarily large joints: knee, wrist, elbow
18
Oligoarticular JIA is associated with ______ in 30% of patients
- Uveitis (eye disease)
19
Polyarticular JIA affects > ___ joints. Large or small joints may be involved. Typically involves small joints of ______, _____, _____, _____, _____, _____, _____
- 5
- hands, feet, ankles, wrist, knees, cervical spine (torticollis), TMJ
20
Systemic JIA is arthritis in 1+ joint for __+ weeks in a child <___ y.o with _______
- 6
- 16
- fever of 2 weeks duration- twice daily fevers
21
Enthesitis JIA is arthritis of _______; including ________, _______, & ________. It occurs in _______ or ______ ages
- lower extremities
- Hips, Intertarsal joints, sacroiliac joint
- late childhood or adolescence
22
Enthesitis JIA has an increased risk of developing _____ in 10-15 yrs
- ankylosing spondylitis
23
Psoriatic JIA is more common in ___ to ___ years and ____ to ___ years. They will have family history of ____
- 2-4
- 9-11
- Psoriasis
24
The most common initial symptoms of Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are the gradual onset of _______, ______, & _______
- fever, fatigue, and generalized lymphadenopathy
25
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) effects _____ > _______
Females > Males
26
Kawasaki Disease (KD) is vasculitis of ____ to ____ sized vessels. Inflammation of blood vessels lead to _____ & _______ particularly in the _____
- small to medium
- necrosis and arterial aneurysms
- Coronary arteries
27
Kawasaki Disease (KD) is slightly more common in _____ than _____ ; 80% are less than ____ years old; and there is an increased incidence in ____ & _____
- males than females
- 5
- Japan and Korea (asian descent)
28
Phase 1 of Kawasaki Disease (KD) is acute and lasts ______; It consists of _______
- 2 weeks
- Neutrophilic necrotizing arteritis
29
Phase 2 of Kawasaki Disease (KD) is subacute or chronic; occurs during ____ and can last _____. It consists of _____
- 3rd or 4th week
- Months
- Lymphocytic, plasma cell and eosinophil infiltration
30
Phase 3 of Kawasaki Disease (KD) is _____; Occurs from _____ to _____. It consists of _______
- Convalescent
- 4th week to months or years
- Luminal myofibroblastic proliferation
31
IgA Vasculitis is more frequent in the ____ and is more common in ____ than _____
- Winter
- Males than Females
32
Behcet Disease is a variable vasculitis with the presence of recurrent _______
- oral or genital ulcerations (3x in 12mo)
33
The most common presentation of Behcet Disease is _____
Headache due to ICP
34
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a ______ autoimmune disease characterized by ________ to nuclear and cellular components leading to dysregulation of the inflammatory response in _______ & ______
- chronic multisystem inflammatory
- autoantibodies- especially ana
- Blood vessels
- Connective tissue
35
SLE is characterized by _____, _____, _____, and _____that target several organs; The most common initial symptoms are _______, _______, and _______
- butterfly (Malar) rash, arthritis, vasculitis, and lesions
-gradual onset of fever, fatigue, and generalized lymphadenopathy
36
Kawasaki Disease Criteria Mnemonic= Warm CREAM
- Warm= fever of unknown origin 5+ days
- C=conjunctivitis, bilateral and nonpurulent
- R=rash
- E=extremity edema and erythema of hands and feet with later peeling
- A=adenopathy, typically cervical, >1.5 cm
- M=mucosal, strawberry tongue, red, cracked lips
37
Kawasaki Disease CXR findings
peri bronchial cuffing/increased interstitial markings
38
Kawasaki Disease abd. US findings
gallbladder hydrops
39
Kawasaki Disease Labs
Elevated ESR/CRP, neutrophil leukocytosis, anemia, thrombocytosis, hyponatremia, hypoalbuminemia, elevated fibrinogen and LFTs
40
Complications of IgA Vasculitis
Myocitis, orchitis, hemorrhagic cystitis, pancreatitis, cholecystitis
41
An 8-year-old African American girl is evaluated for complaints of fatigue, shortness of breath, rash, and cough for 3 weeks. A chest radiograph reveals small bilateral pleural effusions, pneumonitis, and cardiomegaly. Which of the following diagnosis should be considered in this child?
SLE
42
_______ is a form of nonbacterial endocarditis that should be considered in patients with SLE when a murmur is noted on examination.
Libman–Sacks endocarditis
43
A 15-month-old female toddler is seen in clinic with fever of 104°F for 2 days, generalized morbilliform rash, and an otherwise normal examination. Which of the following is the most appropriate course of action?
Prescribe antipyretics and request follow-up in 3 days if no resolution of fever and/or rash. (kawasaki )
44
Kawasaki disease. Which of the following tests should be ordered first to assist in determining the diagnosis?
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