1The ureters are
The ureters are retroperitoneal
2TEST QUESTION In females, near the ischial
spine, they turn ,
and below the
uterine vessels, and they are
about from the
cervix.
TEST QUESTION In females, near the ischial
spine, they turn downward,
forward and medially below the
uterine vessels, and they are
about 1.5 to 2 cm from the
cervix.
3The ureters have 3 main anatomically constricted points
(1)
(2)
(3)
The ureters have 3 main anatomically constricted points
(1) Ureteric-pelvic (renal pelvis) junction
(2) Pelvic brim
(3) In the bladder as they enter obliquely into its superoposterior wall.
4Treatment for nephrolithiasis is
Treatment for nephrolithiasis is ECSW
5What are the 5 blood supplies of the ureters?
• Renal branches
• Gonadal branches
• Aortic branches
• Common iliac artery
• Superior vesical artery (from the
umbilical a.)
6What are the two nerve supplies of the ureters?
• Renal plexus
• Hypogastric plexus
7The cortex of the adrenal gland makes
Sugar, Salt, and Sex
(1) Glucocorticoids
(2) Mineralocorticoids
(aldosterone)
(3) Androgens, estroge
8The medulla of the adrenal gland makes
Adrenalin
9What is the posterior relationship of the adrenal glands?
The diaphram
10What are the right and left anterior relationships of the adrenal glands?
Right: bare area of the
liver, and the IVC
Left: lesser sac
11TEST QUESTION What are the 3 arterial supplies of the adrenal glands?
(1) Superior suprarenal artery (inferior phrenic artery)
(2) Middle suprarenal artery (abdominal aorta)
(3) Inferior suprarenal artery (renal artery)
12TEST QUESTION What are the two venous supplies of the adrenal glands? Where do they drain?
(1) Right suprarenal vein drains IVC
(2) Left suprarenal vein drains left renal vein
13What are the two nerve supplies of the adrenal glands?
(1) Celiac plexus
(2) Lumbar splanchnic nerves (L1-L2)