1Patent ductus arteriosus results in what sided heart failure?
left sided
2What kind of murmur is heard with PDA?
machinery like
3Rib notching is seen with?
coartication of the aorta
4Which disease is common in premature infants?
PDA
5What can be used to treat PDA?
COX inhibitors
ibuprofen
indomethacin
6Which drug is considered the BEST drug for PDA?
ibuprofen because it lowers the risk of NEC and transient renal insufficiency
7What are the cyanotic heart disease?
tetrology of fallot
VSD (w/ eisenmenger)
pulmonary artery atresia
transposition of the great vessels
hypoplastic left heart
8Which disease is assocaited with hypertension in the upper extremities and hypotension in the lower extremities?
coartication of the aorta
9What should a cardiac auscultation always include?
right 2nd intercostal space
left 2nd intercostal space
LLSB-4th intercostal interspace
mitral area
10What position will raise the intensity of a murmur?
supine
11What type of shunts rarely produce murmurs?
right to left shunts
12Small defects will produce
loud murmurs
13What 3 things are more important indicator of cardiac status over a murmur?
color of nail beds
precordial pulse
pulse contour
14Trisomy 21 is associated with which congenital HD?
VSD
ASD
endocardial cushion defects
15Patent ductus arteriosus results in what sided heart failure?
left sided
16Turner's syndrom is associated with which congenital heart diseases?
Aortic stenosis
ASD
coarctation
17More severe congenital heart disease appears?
earlier (in infancy)
18If an infant is cyanotic what systems are you worried about?
pulmonary
cardiac
metabolic
19Rubella in the first trimester can cause which congenital heart diseases?
PDA
branch pulmonary stenosis
20Cyanosis occuring shortly after birth when the infant stopped crying suggest?
choanal atresia
21Which congenital heart disease can lead to recurrent pneumonia? Why?
large volume left to right shunt disorders- causes in crease in pulmonary blood flow
VSD
PDA
ASD
22Cyanosis in VSD is associated with increased ___
stress
23What usually fails creating a ventral septal defect?
extensions of sub-endocardial tissue to grow
24If a patient has a small VSD defect how will they present?
asymptomatic or cardiomegaly
25Large VSD defects result in
excessive pulmonary blood flow which reults in
pulm HTN
dyspnea
poor feeding
poor gorwth
profuse persipiration
pulm infections
26What happens to the right ventricle when there is a large defect VSD?
it will hypertrophy and blood will shift to right to left
27What will you see on chest xray with transposition of great vessels?
egg on string
28What are the four things that occur with tetrology of fallot?
pulmonary valve stenosis
right ventricle hypertrophy
overriding aorta
ventricular septal defect
29What are the symptoms associated with TOF?
exertional dyspnea
precordial chest pain w/ exertion
right ventricular failure
CYANOSIS
30What type of murmur is heard with tetralogy of fallot?
crescendo-decrescnedo with harshy systolic ejection quality
31Where is the murmur associated with TOF best heard?
mid to upper sternal border
32What causes the murmur associated with TOF?
right ventricular outflow obstruction
33What is the classic finding on radiograph for TOF?
boot shape
34What are tet spells?
increase in right to left shunting of blood
35How does squatting help tet spells?
increase peripheral vascular resistance which increases the pressure of the left heart forcing blood back into the pulm circulation
36Which two septa fail to fuse with ASD?
primum and secundum
37What is a classic finding for ASD?
split, fixed S2 that does not change with inspiration or expiration
38What imaging is not helpful for atrial septal defects?
chest x ray
39What are the clinical features of transposition of great vessels?
cyanosis
prominent precordial impulse at LSB
single S2
40What is used to maintain the PDA in transposition of great vessels?
prostaglandin E
41What will you see on chest xray with transposition of great vessels?
egg on string