1What are the 9 newborn reflexes?
Rooting
Sucking
Grasping
Plantar
Babinski
Galant
Stepping
Asymmetric tonic neck
Moro
2What is the moro reflex?
sudden drop of the baby's head in relation to the trunk causing abduction and extension of the infants arms and opening of their hand usually causes baby to cry
3What is the galant reflec?
place baby in ventral suspension and stroke the paravertebral region from the thorax to lumbar area which elicits the baby's trunk and hips to move toward side of stimulus
4What is the asymmetrical tonic reflex?
extension of the upper and lower extremities on the side to the head and neck is turned with flexion of the contralateral upper extremity
5What do you expect to see in a 2 month old baby?
reciprocal smiling
recognizes mothers face ad voice
chest up when prone
holds hands together
hands unfisted 50%
hold rattle if place in hand
cooing
6What do you expect to see in a 4 month old baby?
alterneting vocalizations
smiles spontaneously
rolls front to back
turns to voice
7What do you expect to see at 6 months
tripods
transfers
rakes
8What do you expect to see at 9 months
separation anxiety
object permanence
pulls to stand
stands holding on
pincer grasp
9What do you expect to see at 1 year?
waves bye
walks (+/- holding hand)
first word
follows one step commands
proto-imperative pointing- points to get to desired object
10What do you expect to see at 15 months
stoop and recover
protodeclarative pointing
3-5 words
11What would you expect to see at eighteen months?
periodically visually relocates caregiver
temper tantrums
points to body parts
animal sounds
12What do you expect to see at two years?
defiance
kicks ball
eats with utensils
answers requests with no
two word combination
follows two step command
adds 1-2 words/week
refers to self by name
50% intelligibility
13What do you expect to see at 3 years of age?
takes turns
dressesndresses self
3-word sentences with 200+ words
14What is used to measure intellectual ability?
bayley scales
15What are the adaptive skills used to define and determine the severity of intellectual disability?
conceptual
practical
social
16What are some co-morbidities in intellectual delay?
cerebral palsy
endocrine abnormalities
sleep disorders
feeding/eating disorders
depression and anxiety
injury, neglect abuse
17What is the most common developmental delay?
language?
18what testing is done to detect medical conditions or hear loss that may contribute to speech impairment?
formal audiological testing
19What is a speech language delay?
inability to produce vocal sounds
20What is an expressive language delay?
the inability to produce or use language
21What is a receptive language delay?
the inability to understand language
22What is gestural communication?
ability to communicate nonverbally
23What is defined as a language delay?
no universally accepted definition but generally thought to be the age at which 90% of typically developing children have attained a skill
24What are some reasons to refer?
concern about child's speech/language
slowed/stagnant development
difficulty coordinating movements of lips, tongue and jaw
child is frustrated by communication difficulty or is teased
child avoids talking situations
25What are some ways a parent can enhance/promote their child's language development?
read aloud
exposure to advanced or unusual words
engage in dialogic reading
narrate daily activities
limiteduce media exposure
ask questions and have child indicate a choice in response
accompany words with gestures to make them more understandable
26Motor skills are typically acquired in a...
continuous, progressive and orderly process
27Normal motor function includes
neurological, physiological and biologic processes
28Most cerebral palsy is related to
brain damage that happened before/during birth
29the specific cause of cp in most children is?
unknown
30What test excludes or confirms CP?
there is none
31Is APGAR a good predictor of CP?
no
32What are the key features of CP?
abnormal motor development
uncoordinated stereotypic and limited movements
most movements require marked effort and concentration
33What is the average age at diagnosis?
18-24 months
34A definitive diagnosis requires
serial examination
35What are some signs of CP in infancy and early childhood?
neurobehavioral abnormalities
abnormal tone
abnormal posture
persistence of primitive reflexes
failure to achieve motor milestones
36What abnormal reflex indicates CP?
parachute
37How would the parachute reflex present in hemiplagia?
asymmetrical
38What are the subtype of spastic CP?
hemiplagia
diplegia
quadriplegia
39legs are effect more than arms in which type of spastic cp?
diplegia
40Arm is more affect than leg in which type of spastic CP?
hemiplegia
41Which type of spastic CP is associated often with intellectual disabilities, communication and visual impairments, epilepsy, feeding issues and pulmonary disease?
quadriplegia
42What is one of the biggest complaints of CP patients?
pain
43Where do you refer CP patients?
neurology
44What tests are usually ordered with CP?
MRI
EEG
Metabolic and genetic testing
screening