pages 50-83

a draft towards the final product usually used to limit the risk of failure by making it in bulk

how productive the business is being in terms of using its resources to its fullest potential

way to raise finance, getting investment from a large group of people, usually a website

a product thats sold at loss, (less than its cost to make it) in order to encourage customers to buy it complimentary good at full price e.g printer and ink

challenges faced by a firm when trying to enter a market, more so for smaller businesses entering a saturated market, unable to compete with proces for example

the benefits forgone of the next best alternative

part of a distribution channel. they 'break in bulk' and sell it to retailers who sell to customers. a distribution intermediary

its part of the distribution of the boston matrix, can be a product/ servive that has low growth and low market share, usually unsucessful and has failed.

methods used in order to reduce the likelihood of a product reaching the decline stage in the product life cycle, can include reducing price (to remain competitive) or changing the target market.

A.K.A question mark component of boston matrix. the section refers to products/ services that could become stars or dogs, has low market share in a rapidly growing market.