1in terms of solid waste, what does refuse refer to?
landfill waste
2for landfills, what does fill consist of?
refuse and cover
3what are the two types of hazardous waste?
waste that has contaminated the environment (old waste) and waste that has not yet contaminated the environment (new waste)
4what are the three types of solid/hazardous waste treatment method categories?
physical/chemical, biological, and thermal
5define solid waste
any discarded item, anything destined for reuse, recycle, or reclamation, and hazardous waste
6what are the three options for solid waste management?
landfill, incineration, and composting
7what regulations deal with new waste (waste that has not yet contaminated the environment)?
Resource Conservation & Recovery Act (RCRA), Hazardous & Solid Waste Act (HSWA), Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA), & Pollution Prevention Act (PPA)
8what did RCRA regulate?
generation and disposal of hazardous waste (manifest system to track cradle-to-grave)
9what did HSWA do?
a RCRA amendment to regulate small generators and USTs
10what regulations deal with old waste?
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, & Liability Act (CERCLA) and Superfund Amendment & Reauthorization Act (SARA)
11what did CERCLA do?
assigned liability for abandoned hazardous waste sites (superfund)
12what did SARA do?
required cost-effective remedial actions to reduce volume and mobility of hazardous wastes
13when is it appropriate to use physical waste treatment technologies?
whenever a waste containing liquid and solid must be treated
14when is it appropriate to use chemical waste treatment technologies?
when it is necessary to breakdown hazardous waste into another form that is less hazardous or non-toxic
15when is it appropriate to use biological waste treatment technologies?
when there is a specific compound of hazardous waste that can be treated by specific microorganisms
16incineration acheives ___ % destruction and removal of hazardous components in waste
99.99
17what are the primary products of incineration?
CO2, vapor and ash
18what products do sulfur bearing waste produces when incinerated?
SO2, CO2, H2O
19what does solidification/stabilization do in terms of hazardous waste treatment?
converts waste into insoluble, rock hard material for materials that cannot be treated any other way
20what did TSCA do?
put more restrictions relating to chemical substances and their production, importation, and disposal
21what are some specific chemicals covered under TSCA?
PCBs, asbestos, radon, and lead paint
22what did PPA do?
focuses on source reduction and the environmental protection hierarchy
23what is the environmental protection hierarchy?
1. source reduction
2. reuseecycling
3. treatment
4. disposal
24what are the four characteristics used in the determination of a characteristic hazardous waste under RCRA?
leachability, ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity