1atomic radius
atomic radius: the radius of the circle formed by the outermost electron shell
2atomic radius increases....
down a period because there are more electron shells
3atomic radius decrases...
across a group because there are more protons so there is stronger attraction between the nucleus and electrons
4electronegativity
an element’s ability to attract electrons
5electronegativity decreases....
down a period because attraction between outer electrons and protons weaken due to larger distances between them
6electronegativity increases...
across a period because protons increase but electron shells stay the same, so there is a stronger attraction between protons and electrons
7intermolecular forces
forces between molecules
8hydrogen bonds form when...
a hydrogen bonded to an F, O or N, and is near F, O, or N that has a lone pair of electrons
9polarity
the difference in electronegativity between two atoms or compounds
10a molecule is non polar if...
its electron distribution is symmetrical
11a molecule is polar if...
its electron distribution is not symmeterical
12conductivity
the ability to carry an electric charge
13a material conducts electricity if....
it has delocalised electrons which can carry an electric charge
14boiling point/melting point depends on...
- the strength of intermolecular forces
- intramolecular forces
- if it's a solid, liquid or gas
15solubility
how well the solute dissolves in the solvent
16solubility depends on...
the strength of intermolecular forces between solute and solute compared to the strength of intermolecular forces between solute and solvent
17I'm mixing alcohol and salt together. What's my solute and solvent?
- solute: alcohol, solvent: salt
- solute: salt, solvent: alcohol
- solute: the air, solvent: alcohol
18solubility depends on...
the strength of intermolecular forces between SOLUTE and SOLUTE compared to the strength of intermolecular forces between SOLUTE and SOLVENT
19how does electronegativity affect overall polarity of a compound?
- it doesn't
- electronegativity affects electron distribution, which affects overall polarity
- i don't know
- electronegativity affects the protons and how positive they are, which affects overall polarity