1What is the name for for a smaller angle of inclination? (bone or segment is more medial)
coxa vara
2What is the name for a larger angle of inclination? (bone or segment is more lateral)
Coxa valga
3name what type of joint the hip joint is, it's movements available and the degrees of freedom
ball and socket synovial joint
flexion/extension
abduction/adduction
internal/external rotation neutral or 90 degrees hip flexion
3 degrees of movement
4femoral on pelvis movements of the hip occurs when the ...whatwhatattwhch movmensta
ddescri
femur moves upon a fixed pelvis
5knee joint (joint type, movements, degrees of freedom)
modified hinge synovial joint
flexion/extension and medial/lateral rotation when knee is flexed
two degrees of freedom
6what is the angle between the lateral aspect of the femur and the tibia
170-175 degrees
7what are the variations in knee aligment
genu valgum: decreased angle at the lateral aspect of the knee (less than 170 degrees) - knock knees
genu varum: increased angle at the lateral aspect of the knee (greater than 180 degrees) - bow legged
8the average value of the Q angle is
13-15 degrees
9what plane and axis does flexion and extension occur on
sagittal plane, medial-lateral axis
10talocrural joint (type, movements, degrees of freedom)
hinge synovial joint
plantar flexion and dorsiflexion
one degree of freedom
11what is the most commonly sprained ankle ligament
anterior talofibular ligament (when the foot is plantarflexed)
12what plane and axis does inversion and eversion occur in
frontal plane, anterior-posterior axis
13which movements combine to produce pronation
eversion, abduction, dorsiflexion
14which movements combine to produce supination
inversion, adduction, plantarflexion
15name the stages of stance phase
heel contant
foot flat
mid stance
hell off
toe off
16stages of swing phase
early swing
mid swing
late swing
17describe what happens during foot drop
- occurs due to weakness of ankle dorsiflexors
- can be due to common fibular nerve or deep fibular nerve palsy, or distal peripheral neuropathy
18describe what happens during foot drop
- common in children learning to walk
- can also be caused by a shortened achilles tendon, posterior muscle compartment spasticity and in conditions such as cerebral palsy and Duchenne muscular dystrophy
19describe excess hip frontal plane motion (lateral trunk lean)
- can occur due to weakness of hip abductors (trendelenburg), limb length discrepencies and hip hiking (wearing a knee brace)
20describe excessive sagittal plane motion (forward trunk lean)
- can often be seen in people with hip osteoarthritis (due to lack of hip extension)
- can also occur due to other conditions affecting the spine causing increase kyphosis (eg. anklosing spondylitis)