1Describe sexual reproduction
2 parents
Genetic material combined
Produces genetically diverse offspring
2Examples of sexual reproduction?
Meiosis
Fertilisation
3Describe asexual reproduction
1 parent
Genetically identical offspring
4Examples of asexual reproduction?
Mitosis
Budding
5Genetic factors of variation:
Caused by genes inherited from parents DNA
Eg. eye colour, hair colour, blood type
6Environmental factors of variation:
Characteristics that change due to environment
Eg. language, tattoos, piercings, comp in plants reducing access to light or water- restricting growth
7What is variation caused by?
Groups of genes / Combination of both genetic and environmental factors
8What is evolution?
Variation in species that can be inherited
9Who worked on the theory of evolution by natural selection?
Charles Darwin
10What is mutation?
Random change in genes causes variation in species
11What is variation?
Small differences within species makes some individuals better adapted to environment
12What is competition?
Organisms compete for survival
13What is survival of fittest?
Those with advantageous genes have selective advantage over others
14What is breeding?
Organisms that survive breed, passes on their advantageous genes to next generation
15What may happen if environmental change happens too quick?
Extinction of species
16What is continous variation?
Controlled by more than one gene and environmental factors such as height and weight
17What is discontinous variation?
Controlled by one gene
Individuals fit into discrete groups, eg. blood type, eye colour
18What does cystic fibrosis cause?
a thick sticky mucus builds up that blocks bronchioles in the lungs
19What can cystic fibrosis be treated by?
Gene therapy
20What can continous variation data be displayed in?
a bell-graph
21What can discontinous variation data be displayed in?
a bar chart
22How do you model natural selection?
1- get small pieces of plain and patterened card on a plain background
2- see how many types of each card you pick up in 15 seconds using forceps (as a beak)
23What does a model of natural selection show?
your more likely to select prey that is more easily seen
24What is the human genome project?
Study of human DNA
25What does the human genome project help us understand?
More info to help treat, cure or even prevent diseases
26What are the limitations of the natural selection model?
Model prey doesnt move
Model background is flat not textured
27What is a genome?
A complete set of DNA