1A cricket was placed ina respirometer at constant temperature for ten minutes. The soap bubble moved along the pipette. What was measured by the movement of the soap bubble?
Oxygen consumption
2Which reaction does not cause a net release of energy?
ADP combines with inorganic phosphate to form ATP
3Which of the following directly leads to a production of ATP in mitochondria?
The movement of prtons from the intermembrane space to the matrix
4Which gas produces most of the bubbles in bread dough
Carbon Dioxide
5From which substrate is the first carbon dioxide molecule released during cellular respiration
Pyruvate
6what happens during oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate?
Reduction of NAD+ and production of CO2
7In an anarobic cell respiration in a yeast cell, what is the product of pyruvate?
Carbon Dioxide + Ethanol
8In cell respiration, what is the name of the process where glucose is broken down in to pyruvate?
Glycolysis
9What is the total number of ATP used during glycolyssis
2
10What is the total number of ATp produced during glycolysis
4
11What occurs during oxidative phosphorylation
Coupling of ATP synthesis to electron transport
12Which process produces the most atp per molecule of glucose
Aerobic respiration in a bacterial cell
13What is the role of NADH + H+ in aerobic cell respiration
to transfer hydrogen to the elctron transport chain
14what equation shows a chemical reaction that occurs during anaerobic cell respiration
Pyruvate --> Lactate
15What is cellular respiration?
a process to generate energy (ATP)
16What is the reaction for cellular respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
17In a cellular respiration reaction, what does it give off a lot of?
energy and heat
18Where does ATP energy come from?
Glucose
19What id the Difference between ADP and ATP?
ADP: 2 phosphate groups, uses less energy
ATP: 3 phosphate groups, uses more energy
20When a phosphate is __ from ADP, energy is __ and ATP is created
Added; stored
21When a phosphate is ___ from ATP, energy is ___ and ADP is created
released;realeased
22What three functions that a cell would need ATP for ?
Active transprot, endo/exocytosis,enzyme-catalyzed rxn
23Glucose is oxidized in cellular respiration. What does this mean?
electron are removed (lost) from glucose
24Is this oxidized or reduced: NAD+ --> NADH
reduced
25s this oxidized or reduced: 1/2O2-->H20
reduced
26In order, what is the steps of cellular respiration
1) Glycosis
2) Link Reactions
3) Krebs Cycle
4) Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
27Which phase of cellular respiration occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell?
Glycolysis
28Which phases of celular respiration occue in the mitochondria
Link rxn, krebs, etc
29which of the four phases of cellular respiration require oxygen
etc
30which of the four phases of cellular respiration produce carbon dioxide
krebs
31which of the four phases of cellular respiration produce water
etc
32which of the four steps of cell respiration produces the most atp
etc
33How many ATPs (in total) are produced for every glucose molecule that undergoes cellular respirtion
36
34whats phosphorylation
addition of a phosphatte (PO4^-3) molecule to an organic molecule
35what are the phases of glycolysis
1) energy investment
2) oxidation
3) energy payoff
36glyco-lysis what does this mean
splitting of glucose; splitting of a sugar molecule
37what is the purpose of the energy investment phase of glycolysis
adding phosphates from atp to glucose makes the glucose less stable
+ more likely to react
38what is the name of the energy to start a chemical reaction
activation energy
39how many atp are invested in glycolysis
2
40What molecule is reduced as glucose is oxidized in glycolysis
NAD+ is reduced to NADH. when eelctrons are removed from glucose, they are added to NAD+ which acts like an uber for e^- carrying them to other phases of cellular respiration
41what is the net atp a cell gain from glycolysis
2 atp
42what is substrate level phosphorylation
meaning, the phosphates added to ADP are transferred directly from glucose-intermediates to create atp
43How many carbons are in glucose
6
44glucose is broken down in our cells into 2 molecules of pyruvate. how many carbons are in each pyruvate
3
45pyruvate enters the interior of the mitochondria called the...
matrix
46what is decarboxylation
removal of CO2
47how do you know something is oxidized in link reaction
when nad+ becomes nadh, because nadh is reduced, something was oxidized (if something was reduced, something is always oxidized)
48At the start of the Kreb's cycle: explain how 4 carbon oxaloacetate forms a 6 carbon citric
oxacloacetate (4 carbon) is added to acetic acid (2 carbon) to make citric acid (6 carbon)
49what are the phases of kreb's cycle?
1) decarboxylation
2) oxidation
3) ATP production
50
what happens durnig decarboxylation during krebs
CO2 is produced; removal of 2 one carbon CO2 from 6 carbon cirtric acid results in 4 carbon oxacloacetate
51What happens during oxidation in krebs
NAD+ and FAD are reduces. They become NADH + FADH2
52What happens during ATP production during krebs--A small amt of ATP is also created by substrate level phosphorylation. Why is there two cycles of krebs?
there are two molecules of acetyle CoA after the link rxn. each undergoes the krebs
53Which step is where glucose is fullly oxidized
ETC and Oxidative Phosphorylation
54What type of transport moves the H+ ions our of matrix; how u know
active transport--h+ are moved against their concentration gradient
55in ETC, when oxygen is reduced, what happens?
H20 is created
56When NAD+ and FAD is used, where are they recycled. from where to where?
ETC to Krebs
57For every NADH, how. many atp are produced
3
58for every FADH, how many atp are produced
2
59total atp produced during cellular respiration
38
60how does the presence of a double membrane support the endosymbiotic theory?
the inner membrane could have been the membrane of a prokaryotic organism + the outer membrane a vescile
61the inner membrane has numerous folds called cristae, why?
so it maximizes space and creates more surface area
62which step in cellular respiration happens outside the mitochondria?
glycolysis
63why is it important to have a small space between the membranes?
to build up a high concentration (gradient) more quickly in a smaller space
64what happens inside the matrix
link rxn, krebs cycle
65the matrix contains numerous enzyme, how would this be helpful for the reaction that occur inside the matrix
more enzymes means enzymes + their substrate have greater chance of coming into contact with each other
66What two respeication pathways are there?
anaerobic and aerobic
67what pathway is with glycolysis, krebs, and etc?
aerobic respiration
68what is anareobic respiration?
cell respiration without oxygen
69why do we need to perform anareobic respiration?
when we're low on oxygen
70instead of pyruvate being broken down into CO2, what product does pyruvate become in anaerobic respirationfermentaion?
lactic acid